Invasion of Normandy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Invasion of Normandy - Essay Example 1 The Normandy Invasion is regarded as the world’s greatest military operation, because it paved the way for the liberation of France, and the entry of the Allied forces into Europe. The paper attempts to discuss the reasons for this invasion, concerning the idea that the decision proved to be a worthy choice, since it led the Germans to surrender nearly 11 months, after the invasion. 2 One should understand that Normandy was chosen, because of its strategic location. The decision was not inevitable. It required careful planning. Since the Hundred Years War in Europe, Normandy had not seen any invasion. Therefore, there was no way the Germans could have expected an attack from this area, since there were no ports in the area. 3 The area for the invasion was chosen was between Cherbourg and Le Havre, and it was closest to the embarkation ports in England. It had highways, which led to Paris. The coast also offered the best landing places, and a nearby port, which the Allies had to seize. In fact, Normandy also proved to be close enough to ensure that fighter plans could be dispatched for aerial bombing, along with a coastal attack. 4 In that particular summer of 1944, six armies and millions of men fought and the place was transformed into a blood bath, until Hitler’s forces laid down their defense. Eventually, the road to Paris was cleared, and the Allied capture of France was complete. 5 While everyone knew that the Allies were to attack soon, so that they could have access to France, the question was the exact location of the attack. Therefore, the element of surprise was also one of the reasons, why Normandy was chosen. The Nazis were expected an attack near Calais, since the place had an access to a deep-water port.6 Hence, the plan was in such a way that the troops of each country in the Allied forces would capture hold of the beaches first, namely five beaches in Normandy and then move inland. Since the beaches had no harbors, they were to b e prepared artificially, and assembled at Arromanches in the British sector, and the other off Omaha Beach. Moreover, the Allies had maintained the surprise to such a large extent that very few Germans expected an invasion from Normandy, and the bad weather conditions had even put this idea out of the minds of those, who previously thought this was possible. 7 The alternative place, as mentioned above was the Calais, which offered a deep-port, but this was heavily occupied by German soldiers. However, the Allied Forces had learned from their mistakes quite well, since they had been defeated at Dieppe two years earlier, which was a heavily defended port. 8 Of course, the advantage of the Normandy Invasion, instead of the invasion of Calais is put forth by Liddell Hart, a military historian, who states that the purpose of strategy is â€Å"to diminish the possibility of resistance. The aim of strategy must be to bring about this battle under the most advantageous circumstances. And t he most advantageous the circumstances, the less, proportionately, will be the fighting†. 9 Nevertheless, a deceptive campaign also ensured that the Germans continued to maintain army forces at Calais. Another alternative included Brittany, which was dismissed quickly because, while it had excellent ports, it would have been easy for Germany to seal the Allied army on the Brittany peninsula. 10However, the rough areas of the beaches at Normandy could act as a deterrent, as well, since the area had cliffs on the edges of the water.

Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

Ernest Hemingway Essay Ernest Hemingway probably summed it up best when he said, All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn (source). We’re dealing with quite a book here. Published in 1885, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s follow-up to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer, carved new territory into the American literary landscape in several ways. As one of the first novels to use a specific region’s vernacular in its narration, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn set a precedent for many other distinctly American works to follow. Some readers didn’t exactly get this new colloquial style, however. Accustomed to the proper prose of Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Emerson, some readers didn’t know what to do with Huck’s particular way of storytelling. Aside from the novel’s new style of writing, Twain’s decision to use thirteen-year-old Huck as the narrator allowed him to include certain content that a more civilized narrator probably would have left out. At first, Twain’s novel was labeled crass by some readers. The book was even banned in schools for its use of the n-word which is ironic, given that the novel is up in arms over slavery. Even today, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn makes Banned Books lists. Twain’s novel jumped head first into one of the biggest issues of its day: racism. Although the Emancipation Proclamation had been signed over two decades before Huckleberry Finn’s original publication date, African-Americans everywhere were still victims of oppression and racism. They were technically free, but often by name only in Reconstruction-era America. Many southerners were bitter about the outcome of the Civil War. By guiding his characters through several states of the Confederacy, Twain was able to reveal the hypocrisy of many pre-war southern communities. As a southerner himself, Twain had first-hand experiences to draw on, and he was able to walk the fine line between realistic depiction and ironic farce. Not to mention, Twain created the now-iconic character of Jim, a runaway slave who convinces Huck that African-Americans are deserving of freedom, and that equality is a goal for which we all should be fighting. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is now considered to be one of the Great American Novels, mostly due to how it so heartily champions the American ideals of freedom, independence, and rugged individualism. Huck’s dedication to his own moral standards and his bold sense of adventure and self-sufficiency have earned him a place in the All-American Hall of Fame. In addition, Twain is a hilarious storyteller, and the plot of this novel is a roller-coaster ride of moral dilemmas – so trust us when we say that if you haven’t taken the ride yet, you probably should. Why Should I Care? Mark Twain wrote Adventures of Huckleberry Finn twenty years after the American Civil War. Slavery had been abolished, and the North and South were making up (albeit with some residual anger). So why publish a highly moralistic tale about a system that was no longer in place? Weren’t race issues a moot point once slavery was out of the picture? Hardly. Freedom didn’t mean equality by any means – not legally, socially, or practically. (See Shmoop Historys Jim Crow in America for more.) Actually, come to think of it, this isn’t an outdated notion at all. Rules and laws often don’t accurately reflect what’s really going on. From a legal standpoint today, we have equality of race; yet racism is still a problem. Men and women are equal, yet many still see a glass ceiling for women in the workplace, meaning they often have invisible boundaries to advancement. That doesn’t mean laws are useless. Laws may not immediately effect change, but we’ve seen that they do precede change. While laws can affect how people act, it takes more to change the way we think. We can’t rely on laws alone. That’s where The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn comes back into the picture. We need people like Mark Twain to remind us not to be self-congratulatory for starting a process in motion, but instead to realize that greater change is always necessary.

International Entrepreneurship leads to greater cultural understanding

International Entrepreneurship leads to greater cultural understanding Globalization of the world market brings new possibilities as well as enormous hurdles for both established and young businesses. With the emergence of international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs are concentrating on specific issues that they face operating in complex environments affected by diverse national cultures and institutional influences (Johanson Vahlne, 2009). New global entrepreneurs depend on global networks for resources, distribution, and designs for growth. International entrepreneurs realize that success in a new marketplace requires agility, ingenuity, and certainty with a global viewpoint to acquire sustainability. Thus, global thinking is beneficial since foreign business clients can choose ideas, products, and services from many countries and cultures. However, entering into a foreign environment and culture can also become an obstacle psychologically in and of itself for the individual international entrepreneur (Mitchell et al., 2002). This paper will examin e two areas that focus on the importance of cultural understanding in international entrepreneurship. The first will comprise of how entrepreneurs who expand into international markets must know how to think globally in order to design and adopt strategies for different nations as a business ventures into an uncertain market. The second part will explore how psychological adaptation of the individual entering a foreign culture is interconnected with the international entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs can expand their business by participating in the global market; as every year thousands of small business enterprises are actively engaged in the international field. International entrepreneurship studies have started to focus on specific topics that confront entrepreneurs as they expand their new ventures (Zahra, Korri, Yu, 2005). The definition of international entrepreneurship in this paper will focus on the process of creatively discovering and exploiting opportunities that lie outside of a firms domestic markets in the pursuit of competitive advantage (Zahra George, 2002); across national borders, to create future goods and services (Oviatt McDougall, 2005). This meaning incorporates the process aspect of international entrepreneurship, which focuses on a central issue of why some individuals exploit international opportunities while others equally well placed do not act on them (Zahra, Korri, Yu, 2005). Globalization is a process fuelled by increasing cross border flows of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture (Held et al., 1999, p. 16). However, the use of this term will refer to Guillà ©ns (2001) definition of globalization as a process leading to greater interdependence and mutual awareness among participants in general. Guillà ©n (2001) combines the understanding of globalization as the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole, and as the diffusion of practices, values and technology that have an influence on peoples lives worldwide (Guillà ©n, 2001). Noticing opportunities is normally more difficult in international settings, and the level of uncertainty that the potential entrepreneur must undergo will also be greater. Entrepreneurs able to function successfully in international settings may be both more skilled at noticing opportunities and have a greater capacity to endure the uncertainty associated with international entrepreneurship (Lu Beaamish, 2001). Noticing opportunities is normally more difficult in international settings, and the level of uncertainty that the potential entrepreneur must endure will also be greater (Coviello, 2006). Oviatt and McDougall (2005) emphasized that international entrepreneurs display the intention to compete in multiple locales at the inception of the firm to exploit existing international opportunities and would have the intention to do so when they started their firms (McNaughton, 2003). Starting a firm is a difficult process under the best of circumstances. International business scholars have traditionally argued that internationalization is difficult because firms had to overcome a liability of foreignness, although Johanson and Vahlne (2009) have recently acknowledge that being part of an effective network and prior knowledge can greatly accelerate the international entrepreneurship process. This liability of foreignness was based on the fact that firms and entrepreneurs lacked knowledge about doing business in other countries, which meant they had to endure the costs of learning and the discomfort of uncertainty (Lu Beaamish 2001). However, by positioning themselves in relevan t networks, or because of their past experience, many entrepreneurs have high levels of operational knowledge about foreign markets. In this manner, the traditional approaches for dealing with the liability of foreignness of either imitating local firms or by transferring unique organizational or managerial competences to their foreign unit (Sapienza et al., 2006) have been supplemented with a knowledge component, which is more related to uncertainty. There has been an acknowledgement that firms could begin to internationalize sooner and Sapienza et al. (2006, p. 915) suggest that the earlier a firm internationalizes, the more deeply imprinted its dynamic capability for exploiting opportunities in foreign markets will be. Others have pointed out the benefits of internationalizing earlier, or at least exporting at an earlier stage (Kundu Katz 2003). This may be because although there is a cost to learning, early entrants begin this process sooner (Autio, Sapienza, Almeida, 2000) an d at least some suggest they should do this before they actually start the firm (Coviello, 2006). An entrepreneur who would like to take advantage of international markets may have to study a foreign language, may have lived abroad and may be face with culture shock. Entrepreneurs must realize their companys competitive advantage such as: technology, price, financial superiority, or marketing, product innovation, an efficient distribution network or possession of exclusive information about the foreign market (Sapienza et al., 2006). Declining market conditions at home may cause entrepreneurs to seek foreign markets to help their business. Successful global entrepreneurs should have the following characteristics: a global vision, international management experience, innovative marketing or technology processes, a strong international business network, and effective organizational coordination worldwide (Lee, Peng, Barney, 2007). When global opportunities occur, entrepreneurs are likely more open-minded about internationalizing. The advantage of international trade is that a companys market is expanded much and growth prospects are greatly raised. Other advantages include minimizing seasonal slumps, reducing idle capacity, getting knowledgeable about products not sold in target markets, technology used in other countries, and learning about other cultures (Johnson, Lenartowicz, Apud, 2006). Before going to a foreign market, it is essential to study the unique culture of the potential consumers. Concepts of how the product is used, psychographics, demographics, and political norms as well as legal normally differ from an entrepreneurs home country (Miller Parkhe, 2002). De Tienne Chandler (2004) suggest that entrepreneurs must consider five factors relative to the country and cultures that the business venture will inhabit. First, they must study foreign government regulations: patent, import regulations, t rademark laws, and copyright that affect their products. Second, they must know political climate: relationship between business and government or public attitudes and political events in a given country affect foreign business transactions. Third, they must consider infrastructure: packaging, distribution system, and shipping of their export product. Fourth, they must research distribution channels: accepted trade both retail and wholesale, service charges and normal commissions, distribution agreements and laws pertain to agency. And fifth, they must study competition: number of competitors in target nations and their market share, as well as their price, place, product and promotion. Additionally, they must find market size: of their product stability, size, country by country, and know what nations are markets expanding, opening, maturing, or declining (De Tienne Chandler, 2004). Eventually, entrepreneurs must understand culture of their products. Small businesses can study int ernational cultures by business travel, participating in training programs, reading the current literature, and undertaking formal educational programs. Small business, who wants to sell product on a worldwide basis must realize different standardization in each country. In some cases, goods must be adapted for different local markets if it is to be accepted and consumer goods always require much more adaptation (Johanson Vahlne, 2009). One issue related to international opportunity is why individuals in home countries are not the ones that take action on these opportunities, which would seem logical, as they are better positioned to notice. This question is especially important because research indicates that local firms usually have higher levels of performance than do foreign firms (Miller Parkhe, 2002). While the matter of liability of foreignness is present in some cases, this relates to firms competing in the same industry. Thus, when locals begin to imitate the foreign firm, they may in fact end up with higher levels of performance, because of factors such as lower lawsuit awards (Mezias, 2002). However, national average levels of entrepreneurship to uncertainty, opportunity, and cognition uncertainty avoidance are not identical across countries (Hofstede, 2001). This suggests that although it is possible that both a local and foreigner notice a specific opportunity at the same time, the local may not act fo r both the fear of failure and stigma attached to that failure in certain cultures (Lee, Peng, Barney, 2007). Thus, the potential entrepreneur must also be willing to endure the uncertainty associated with acting on these opportunities. To gain insight into effective professional task performance across cultures, an understanding of effective communication and psychological adaptation has to be complemented by an exploration of the effect of culture on task process. Over the last few years studies on cross cultural competencies in different professional fields have started to emerge. Examining the relationship between national culture and entrepreneurship is an important emerging subject matter in international entrepreneurship (Hayton, George, Zahra, 2002). The sociological viewpoint on entrepreneurship proposes that entrepreneurs are intertwined in a social framework and their cognitive process and behaviours are shaped by the interactions between the environment and entrepreneur (Zahr, Korri, Yu, 2005). There is also evidence of the impact of national cultural values on the characteristics and behaviour of individual entrepreneurs (Mitchell et al., 2002). Mitchell et al. (2002) confirmed that entrepreneurs share a set of cultural values, regardless of their national origin or cultural background. However, it appears that whilst some core values are shared across different countries and cultures, some of the behaviours of individual entrepreneurs reflect the value system of their respected national culture. With regards to adaptation in international entrepreneurship, entering into a foreign environment is not a transition for the business venture alone. The actors, international entrepreneurs, involved are also plunging into same the foreign environment (Hofstede, 2001). Entering a new culture means commencing to share a pattern of thinking, feeling, reacting, and problem-solving (Saee, 1999). Cross-cultural psychology argues that unfamiliar cultural territory negatively affects an individuals affective, both the sense making and cognitive mechanisms, and undermines the appropriateness and effectiveness of their behavioural responses (Maznevski Lane, 2004). This happens when individuals are unable to accurately perceive and interpret the alien cultural environment, nor explain or predict the behaviour of people with different cultural backgrounds (Maznevski Lane, 2004). Evidence suggests that exposure to a foreign cultural environment can cause culture shock, a psychological conditio n which adversely affects psychological and affective states (Johnson et al., 2006). Saee (1999) contends that opportunity identification competencies developed in an entrepreneurs home cultural environment may not be sufficient to perceive a high level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy about performing the task of identifying opportunities across borders and cultures. Cross-cultural studies have explored the challenges that a foreign cultural environment poses to human behaviour, cognition, and professional performance. Human behaviour is considered the coping mechanism that individuals consequently develop. Some researchers suggest that building this coping mechanism, in individuals, amounts to developing a global mindset or cultural intelligence (Maznevski Lane, 2004; Early Mosakowski, 2004). According to Maznevski and Lane (2004, p. 172), a global mindset is the ability to develop and interpret criteria for personal and business performance that are independent from the assumptions of a single country, culture, or context; then to adequately implement those in different countries, cultures, and contexts. Cultural intelligence is seen as the ability to interpret the foreigners behaviour the way the foreigners countryman would (Earley Mosakowsi, 2004). Cross-cultural competence is defined as the appropriateness and effectiveness of ones behavi our in a foreign cultural environment (Mitchell et al., 2000). Psychological adaptation is considered the centre point of personal traits and attributes that help generate internal responses in an unfamiliar environment by managing stress (Saee, 1999). Successful adaptation to a host cultural environment requires the abilities to be mindful, to tolerate ambiguity, and the ability to explain and make accurate predictions of strangers behaviour (Saee, 1999). This also includes the levels of anxiety and uncertainty that affect the intercultural encounter (Saee, 1999). CONCLUSION: International entrepreneurs actually face greater uncertainty than is generally common in more established businesses, which benefit from learning and experience, because international entrepreneurship is about the implementation of a new innovative business. There is an uncertainty to entrepreneurship and the role it plays in initiating the process. Mitchell et al., (2000) observes that entrepreneurial action is a result of overcoming and paralysis that is caused by the uncertainty that precedes the entrepreneurial act. Guillà ©n (2001) adds that the key concept that entrepreneurs create new combinations, which become the innovations that are the engine of economic growth. The entrepreneur is likely to see the opportunity as relatively certain. This is important with regards to international entrepreneurship in that exploiting an international opportunity requires more than dealing with operational certainty; there is also a high level of cultural uncertainty that the entrepreneur has to endure to ensure the new ventures prosperity. The volume of research on international entrepreneurship supports the notion that a period of domestic development is no longer necessary for many firms and that international entrepreneurship is possible at the time the firm is established or shortly thereafter. However, consideration must be taken with respect to the foreign culture a venture will go into and the psychological affects upon the entrepreneurs joining in the venture. Effective operation in the globalised economy requires that entrepreneurs develop new skills and competencies. Some of these skills and competences are needed to deal with national and regional cultural differences that are becoming intense with the continuance of globalisation (De Tienne Chandler, 2004). (Authors) believe that current and future international entrepreneurs need to develop cross-cultural competence to successfully identify business opportunities.

Who Is Most To Blame For Macbeths Downfall? :: essays research papers

Who Is Most To Blame For Macbeth's Downfall? I have chosen to write my essay about the cause of Macbeth's downfall. I believe Macbeth had an immense build up of hatred inside him waiting to be released. I will discuss the possible factors that could have placed the final straw on the camel's back and lead to the releasing of brave soldier Macbeth's bloodthirst, and why he committed the acts he did. The first suspects are the witches. After all it was their voices that implanted the thoughts into Macbeth's head that he would be king. When Macbeth heard this, he figured that no matter what he did he would become the king. After hearing King Duncan's desire to have Malcom carry on the throne, Macbeth quickly lost faith that he could achieve the throne without doing anything, so he took it upon himself to make things happen. After killing Duncan he feared Banquo for his knowledge of the witches prophecies and had him killed as well. Macbeth seemed to be losing himself after Duncan's death due to his obsession with the witches prophecies, so in turn, the witches could be partly responsible for Macbeth's downfall. Lady Macbeth can also be held accountable for Macbeth's decline of sanity and power. Although it didn't take much, her persuasion lead to the killing of Duncan. She wanted Macbeth to take the rank of king as much as he did. Pressure from his spouse added on to all the other pressures from the prophecies, also helped tempt Macbeth to murder. Not only did her doings contribute to Macbeth's turmoil, but it also lead herself to become mad. The character most guilty of Macbeth's physical downfall would have to be Macduff. He was the one that actually removed Macbeth's head from his spine. Also when Macduff left, Macbeth became more ensnarled by his anger and responded by prooving himself a cold hearted savage when he had Macduff's innocent wife and children slaughtered. Out of all the external elements that affected Macbeth's downward spiral, I believe Macbeth himself was the most to blame. It was his weak conscience that was so easily molded. He always had a choice as to what he would do, and more often then not he chose the wrong path. In the end it all caught up to him, and

Cyborg-Identity

The thesis statement of the paper is â€Å"the ability of the human beings to change identities in a technology-dominated world has blurred the boundaries between original identity and the digital identity†. This topic is very important from the perspective of human computer interaction and computer science today. The humans are not only able to create multiple identities on the internet, but they are also able to interact with others being in a transmutable identity. This paper will explain how these boundaries have been blurred and what joys of artifice can a person enjoy through making multiple identities on the internet.With the introduction of social networking systems in the past few years, the Cyborg identity is becoming more of a reality than a myth. The line between being the person himself and adopting another identity is getting blurred with the introduction of new technologies. Cyborg: a Metaphor? With the combination of hardware, software and internet, the cyborg identity can be identified as one of the most visible figures of the cybernetic age. Cyborg is a biological being with another identity or a kinetic state that can be adopted easily when switching between environments.This could only be achieved through technological augmentation. Although the kinetic state of a cyborg identity is not real and can be referred to as virtual reality, but it allows one to escape from the physical constraints and confinement of the body and recreate a new digital identity through the use of graphics, three-dimensional technology, internet, hardware and a combination of software. The use of these devices and concepts has not only allowed the humans to create their cyborg identities, but also to experience new worlds and environments through that identity.With the global adoption of the World Wide Web, the cyborg identity has evolved strategically in our imaginations as a metaphor of the 21st Century. According to Kevin Warwick, humans have now become cyb orgs through conducting a series of ground breaking experiments and innovations. Kevin Warwick, who is a professor of robotics and cybernetics, believes that the humans have got the power to change their identity in the virtual world where time and place does not matter (Stephen).Transforming into another identity can cost nothing to the humans. They just need to register on the virtual worlds on the internet, design their new identity and just start interacting with the environment. This ease of identity transformation could have never perceived in the past. However, cyborg can now never be used as a metaphor as cyborgs now exist (Nishant). The Ease of Transforming It was never thought that humans could be identified as cyborgs and it was not even imagined that becoming a cyborg would be so easy and free of cost.For a cyborg experience, a person just has to connect to the internet, register himself on the website, create an avatar and then the human is ready to experience a digital body and physique. Most of the websites do not even require any payment to register the users while the others which are more secure require as little payment as US$ 5. To design the identity and the physical look of the cyborg in the virtual world, a number of software are available which are very easy to use. Transforming the identity is now a requirement for the business professionals as well as the youngsters who want to socialize in their social circle.A person is required to switch to his digital identity when making payments online and when getting involved in the digital transaction on the internet. Cyborg is now a mechanism that is crucial for the survival of urban human beings (Nishant). A person is not required to take classes or lessons for creating a digital identity in the 21st Century, nor are billions of dollars required to get transformed. Switching identity to and fro the digital world and the real world is much easier and cheaper than it was though in the past.Te chnological breakthroughs have allowed this ease of switching to the digital identity. The capabilities and the abilities that are learnt by the cyborg in one of the identities can be used in other identity efficiently and effectively in today’s world. These aspects of the digital identity are blurring the boundaries between the self being and the different digital identities. Artifice through Graphics In social networking websites and virtual worlds, the use of virtual bodies and digital identities are getting more and more common.According to the academics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the humans are just a year away from being able to download their consciousness into the computers (Land). The humans have the power to design different bodies, control them and change them whenever they want through the use of graphic software. The digital appearance of the humans might not be the same as the real appearance. This is why a person is said to be creating a differen t identity through the use of internet. The new identity over the internet is an artificial identity which may not resemble the real identity of a person.The personal attributes such as the name, weight, skin color, hair color, eyes, nose and built might be differently represented over the internet. The Boundaries between Fact and Fiction The humans have the power to intermingle fact and fiction as they have got the power to generate new identities and transform to a form of machine. The interaction with other digital humans over the internet might just be based on lies and the identity may be based on fiction. Different cultures and the aspects of nature that do not even exist in reality can be designed in the virtual worlds.The boundaries between fact and fiction have also blurred with the advent of digital identities. Human and computer interaction has been increased at a rate that was never imagined. Instead of interacting with the real world, an urban person spends most of the time on computers and internet in the virtual worlds. With the boundaries between fact and fiction diminishing over the internet, the new generation might not even be aware of the real world as all the interactions are taking place in the virtual world.With redefinition of the sense of one’s own body in a world changed by culture and technology, the humans are more likely to experience fiction than facts. The humans might like to live in the world of fantasy than in the real world. According to Nishant, this may make us the things that we have created (Nishant). An example is that a person who is gay might fulfill his fantasies on the internet through creating a digital identity and interacting with other men. In real life the person might be very scared of the society and afraid of others to fulfill his fantasies (Dennis). DehumanizingWith the help of social networking websites such as Facebook. com Web 2. 0 applications like activeworlds. com and secondlife. com, the person is able to create a different identity which is unreal. These websites and application are forcing the humans to dehumanize and get involved in computer devices and software most of the time (Land). While the person is switched to the digital identity, he feels that he is living in a cyborg dream. Everything is unreal and still feels real. Most of the interaction today in the youngsters is done on social community websites such as Facebook.com and myspace. com. Profiles are the identifiers of these humans which contain the physical attribute and pictorial attributes. These profiles can be unreal as well as there are no checks done to prevent unrealism. The attributes such as name, gender and age can be misrepresented on the internet to consumer unfair advantage over the other (Liff). The advances in technology and the movement towards cybernetic humans have forced us to ignore many issues that will be faced by the computer experts in the future. ConclusionIt has been revealed in th e discussion that the ability of the human beings to change identities in a technology-dominated world has blurred the boundaries between original identity and the digital identity. A human is started is be identified through the digital identity and this identity now plays a crucial part in the life of a human. Works Cited Dennis, C. â€Å"Gay, Queer, and Cyborg: the performance of identity in a transglobal age. † Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 22. 3 (2001): 297-309. Grey, J. â€Å"Human-Computer Interaction in Life Drawing, a Fine Artist’s Perspective.† Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV’02). The Computer Society, 2002. Land, C. â€Å"Book Review : How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. † Information Technology & People 14. 1 (2001): 350. Liff, S. â€Å"Book Review : Virtual Gender: Technology, Consumption and Identity. † Information Technology & People 16. 4 (2003): 484-486. Nishant, S. â€Å"Material cyborgs; asserted boundaries. † European Journal of English Studies 12. 2 (2008): 211-225. Stephen, K. I, Cyborg. University of Illinois Press, 2004.

t-box case study

t-box case study Faika Seda MORALIMBA- 2013310101641. Briefly explain how T-box revolutionizes the traditional product approach in the apparel industry. Do you think that this is a reasonable risk to take? Why? Why not?T-box was created by the top management team of Boyner Group in 2003. Boyner Group is the largest non-food retailer in Turkey since 1981. The group sells famous local and international brands of apparel, accessories, cosmetics and home appliances. Boyner Group targets middle-upper and upper income levels with a classic taste of fashion with high-class brands such as Network, Alt„Â ±ny„Â ±ld„Â ±z and Fabrika. In contrast with Boyner, T-box targets a younger market with a hip taste and a morbid sense of humor. T-box transforms textile products into fast moving consumer goods (FMCG), moving beyond the traditional understanding that clothes and accessories are rather in the shopping goods category. It became convenience good. Its target market volume is large, distribution i s very extensive.English: Logo of the clothing brand Cure ApparelPrices are not expensive.They wanted to create a new market and decided to treat the products under the clothing brand T-box as if they were Fast Moving Consumer Goods. Small packages which are fit in a hand, easy to carry especially for travel purposes, low priced products such as headbands, wallets, lighters and condoms at the cash desk has also allowed the brand to be perceived as "last minute, immediate purchase" brand and most importantly to support the FMCG image of the so-called fashion products, making them similar to the packaged fruit juices, toilet papers or house cleaning supplies lined up on a supermarket shelf.The approach to the design of packaging and the presentation of the packs at the point of purchase had a great effect on sales.The other step of revolution is that 1 euro/cent exists in the package of the...

Technology Essays - Database, Database Theory, Pointer, Free Essays

Technology Essays - Database, Database Theory, Pointer, Free Essays Technology Background The Technology Needs Survey (TNS) software program developed at HSC/XRE was originally intended to provide a convenient vehicle by which the office?s engineers and scientists could enter and edit environmental, safety and occupational health (ESOH) needs data into a database. The program provided an interface that allowed the user to answer, or revise answers, to questions regarding the nature of the ESOH technology needs of the customer. The database was originally installed on a local area network (LAN) shared by the technical members of the HSC/XRE office. The data in the database was used, in part, to rank the severity, impact and importance of technology needs throughout the Air Force. HSC/XRE performed substantial analysis on the data prior to its presentation to the ESOH TPIPT, Air Staff and others. Consequently, the database itself became a dumping ground for temporary tables, queries and reports that were generated "on the fly" over time. The structure of the underlying database is simple, as shown in Figure 1. The numerous queries, reports and tables that are antidotal artifacts in the database are distractions to the underlying structure, and should be removed. Creation of the Tri-Service TNS Database for FY97 The source data for the FY97 Tri-Service TNS database came from four sources: ? US Navy, by way of four MS WORD documents (segmented by pillar) ? US Army, by way of a TNS database that had been exported from a version of the software modified by the US Army and/or their contractors ? USAF FY96 TNS database ? last year?s USAF database, with needs updated as required ? USAF FY97 TNS database ? current year?s new USAF technology, policy and training needs The tasking from the HSC/XRE office was to consolidate the four data sources into a single database and provide it to representatives of the Joint Engineering Management Panel (JEMP) on or before 31 Dec, 1996. Such a database would be known as the Tri-Service TNS Database for FY97. Technical Issues The USAF FY97 database was considered the target into which the other three data sets were to be consolidated. At this point in time (Dec, 1996), the FY97 database still contained "T-numbers", rather than Tag integers. It appeared that there were printing difficulties with T-numbers in the Tag field, so they were removed, and added as a prefix to the need Title. In their place, sequential integers, beginning with 3000, were placed in the Tag field. Next, the Navy needs, which consisted of 807 needs in four word documents, were manually added to the FY97 database using the TNS software. This was a two man-day effort by a program support individual. All attempts to successfully print all US Army needs failed. Most needs contained a data value that exceeded TNS?s a single print page. A bug in TNS causes the first page to be printed OK; then, subsequent lines are printed, one per page. It was decided that the US Army database would be provided to the government as-is, with a suggestion that the government obtain the US Army?s TNS version to see if the bug had been fixed by the Army. The final step was to export the USAF FY96 TNS database, and import it into the FY97 database. This presented something called the "Match Table Problem." The Match table in TNS contains three columns ? the need number, a category, and a pointer. Depending upon the category, the category would represent a unique primary POC, technical POC, potential user, regulation or contaminant. These pointers are not uniquely generated; therefore, a primary POC with a pointer of 4254 might point to Smith in the FY96 database, while a primary POC with a pointer of 4254 might point to Jones in the FY97 database. The same corruption was possible for regulations and contaminants, as well. To resolve this problem, it was determined that the set of pointers in the FY97 database did not exceed 5000 for POC, regulations and contaminants. Consequently, the pointers in the Match table of the FY96 database were incremented by 5000, as were their corresponding targets in the POC, Regulation and Contamination tables. This assured that there would be no overlap between the two databases. The FY96 database was imported successfully into the FY97 database.

Solution to Underage Drinking essays

Solution to Underage Drinking essays It is a Friday night. A group of seniors in high school are headed to a field party after a long week of school. Before arriving, they stop at a convenience store to buy some beer. The clerk asks for their identification and one teenager uses a cheaply made fake id to purchase the alcohol. The group gets to the party and drinks with their other thirty classmates until the function is busted up by the cops. The cops check for designated drivers, and tell everyone to go home without making any arrests. The group of seniors are thankful to not be in trouble and go to sleep thinking about the party on Saturday. U.S. law states that the minimum drinking age is 21. Yet, every weekend thousands of kids under this age are breaking this law. The big question is why? Yes, some of these underage age drinkers buy alcohol because they like the taste or because they enjoy the feeling it gives them, although, they are not the majority. The majority choose to drink because they think it looks cool or because they enjoy rebelling authority ( Department of Health and Human Services. 163,164). Throughout history, people have always wanted what they could not have. When applying this to alcohol, the higher the drinking age, the more people under this age are going to try and obtain it. Lawmakers changed the minimum drinking age back in 1978 from 18 to 21, thinking that the older you are, the more responsible you are. Yet, these lawmakers didnt take into account that responsibility comes with experience and teaching, not just age. The solution to less problems with alcohol does not lie with absti nence until the age of 21, but with teaching people how to drink responsibly at a younger age. The U.S. has the highest minimum drinking age in the world, and only four other nations have minimums over 18(Legal Drinking Age). The countries who have minimums over 18 all have exceptions to their laws. Most count ...

Comparison between the Book and the Film Revolutionary Road Essay

Comparison between the Book and the Film Revolutionary Road - Essay Example The film off course has lots of deviations from the novel but bears many similarities also. When a celebrated literary piece influences or is incorporated in a film, it ought to bear some similarities and dissimilarities that compels the film to launch into a platform where the comparison and the criticism with respect to the literary piece is performed from which it has been influenced , interpreted or incorporated. Thesis Statement The novel ‘Revolutionary Road’ and the film incorporated from it together stand as a complementary and compact phenomena elevating the mind of the readers and audience. Reading the novel and watching the film complete the experience which makes the soul uplifted. Yet, there are differences between the novel and the film incorporated from it. This essay intends to explore and discuss the comparison on the ground of the difference in perception operating in the novel and the film. The Comparison The film lacked the superfluity of emotions whic h the language in the novel created. However in representation of the characters also, there is a vast difference. In the novel, the character of April Wheeler seems to be gaining more sympathy of the readers for the decision and dilemma she undergoes regarding her decision with her unborn child. In the film, this same character is presented as a self-centred and passive woman without proper emotions.

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Microeconomics - Essay Example The exchange rate at which the two currencies will be exchanging in the forward contract at the preset future date is fixed and thus the investor is saved from the risk of adverse exchange rate movements. This method eliminates the downside risk but also puts a cap on the profits that could have been received if the exchange rate moved favourably instead of unfavourably. The Purchasing Power Parity is an important concept which links prices, exchange rates and inflation. ‘Three versions of PPP have traditionally been used in the literature.’ (Clark, Bartolini, Bayoumi & Symansky, 1994) These versions include the law of one price, absolute PPP and relative PPP. ‘In relative terms, PPP says that exchange rate move in line with the interest rate differential.’ (Rochon & Vernengo, 2001) On the long-term basis, the lower the inflation the more the currency appreciates and the higher the rate of inflation the greater is the magnitude of the currency’s depreciation. In terms of the of the Ireland and US, the exchange rate went down from $1/â‚ ¬0.70 to $1/â‚ ¬0.65 for the US dollar indicating the depreciation of US dollar in terms of Euro and hence signalling inflation in the US market. On the other side of the picture an appreciation of the Euro signifies low inflation and high growth in the Irish market. In terms of the goods the US dollar could buy â‚ ¬ 0.7 worth of goods one year back and now it can afford only â‚ ¬ 0.65 for the same dollar. Thus the US dollar depreciated indicating inflation in the US market and showing an appreciation of the

Plan for obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plan for obesity - Essay Example Simple explanation to the effect is that during 1950s and 1960s towards 1970s through to 1980s, the world treated to less advanced technology and family systems that reiterated the importance of parental care during growth and development of children. Currently, almost every parent involves in income generating activities and has limited time to socialize and provide direction to children on issues related to diets and technological use. For clear understanding of the concept of obesity and its causes, it is important to consider the principles of Social psychology theory. Social psychologists have interest in studying factors within societies that make people behave, imagine, think, believe and act in the way they do in the presence of others and relative to social contexts. Social psychology help in exploring the change in the relationship between parents and their children and the impact of such as far as childhood obesity is concerned. In the past when economic situations were bearable, and parents did not have to work for more than twelve hours daily, obesity was term identical to any sphere of social structure including medical field. This probably was due to the closeness of parents to their children that enabled opportunity for parents to regulate activities of their children. In the years before 1980s, parents ensured that their children played and consumed healthy meals. Technological advancement that is c urrently responsible for high presence of processed ready food materials was also absent or minimal. Currently, economic difficulties have forced parents to work for longer hours and sparing little time to socialize with their children to provide guidance on healthy food consumption, physical practices and sustainable use of technological entertainment materials like televisions, computers, and play stations among others. That disconnection between parents and children has exposed the latter to unsorted advertisements about food materials,

Equal Employment Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Equal Employment Opportunity - Essay Example 87). Diversity management is linked with growing organizational plans that value all individuals in the same way, not considering their distinctions. In controlling diversity, attempts are made by both the business as well as the persons in it to become accustomed to and acknowledge the value of diversity. Businesses can as well deal with diversity concerns in more limited techniques: (1) equal employment opportunity and (2) affirmative action. Equal employment opportunity (EEO) is a wide thought implying that persons must have equal dealing in every service associated activities. Persons who are sheltered under equal employment regulations are protected from illegitimate prejudice, which takes place as persons having identical traits are distinguished against because of that trait. Different laws have been passed to defend persons who share some particular traits, â€Å"such as race, age, or gender† (Smith, p. 102). Those having the elected traits are referred to as a seclude d group or as associates of a secluded faction. A sheltered group is made of those who come within a group recognized for defence in equal employment regulations and set of laws. Several of the sheltered groups, in the past, have been exposed to illegitimate bias. The reasons for protection that have been recognized by different centralized regulations are (1) cast, cultural basis, colour and creed (2) sexual characteristics (3) age bracket (4) persons with physical or psychological inabilities (5) armed forces experience and (6) religious conviction. For example, consider a company that is trying to be suitable for EEO policy has comparatively a small number of Hispanic executives. To raise the number of Hispanics, the company will employ and interview Hispanics who have minimum required credentials for the administration posts. What the company is offering is equal employment opportunity for competent persons to be considered for service. To remedy regions within which it seems th at persons in sheltered groups â€Å"have not had equal employment opportunities† (Burstein, p. 183), a number of companies have extended positive action approaches. Affirmative action takes place as companies recognize trouble regions, set objectives, and take constructive strides to assure equal employment opportunities for individuals in a sheltered group. Affirmative action concentrates on appointing, guiding, and endorsing of sheltered group associates where they are underrepresented within a company with respect to their ease of use within the labour markets from which hiring takes place. At times, companies have introduced affirmative action willingly, although many times companies have been obliged to do so as they are government service providers having more than 50 workers and more than 55,000 USD in government agreements yearly. When equal employment opportunity set of laws are talked about, perhaps the most unpredictable problems concern the approach that â€Å"a ffirmative action leads to quotas, preferential selection, and reverse discrimination† (Burstein, p. 201). Integral to the disagreement is the company’s part in choosing, guiding, and endorsing sheltered group associates as they are underrepresented in different professions within a company. Individuals who are not associates of any sheltered group have stated that there is inequity in reverse. This reverse bias may

Written Business Communication (Assignment #4C) Assignment

Written Business Communication ( #4C) - Assignment Example I would like to kindly remind you on the yearly warranty that you issued when you installed the gates since I suppose that will help you track the information on the same. For more clarity, I have attached the company’s proposal invoice to attest that the installation of the iron gates is still within the warranty and so still valid. All day shift employees are required to park in lots A and Lots B in the assigned spaces. On the other hand, the daytime employees are reminded not to park in the curbs lots, but eventually they may loan spaces to other distinguished employees that is if the parking spaces are not in use. To receive the a white sticker, please stop by the relations, employee at the cafeteria October 1st and it will be from 11:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. and also 3:00 to 5:00 to take their applications and also be issued with the white parking stickers. The swing shift employees may also park at the curb before evening at 3:00. Furthermore, after 3:00 p.m. all the swing shift employees are allowed to park in any empty parking space, even those for the Tandem, Handicapped or event management. For everyone’s convenience, we are all encouraged to register ourselves with the employee relation. This way there will be no inconvenience caused to any employee as far as parking space is concerned. Please stop at the cafeteria and get your white sticker at the most convenient time. All the tickets will be issued to all the cars that will not be having the sticker. By doing all that is needed there will be smooth parking activities and time also will be saved for more productive issues rather than things that are less

Findings and Analysis Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Findings and Analysis - Dissertation Example Fig. 4.1 Key Themes The findings and analysis shall also include basic information on employees of B&M and their views on how they think management of B&M can improve on recruitment and selection process in the future and how management can retain workers who come into the company. 4.2 PRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION OF RESULTS/FINDINGS Background Information on the Company and Workers B&M is a non profit organisation that offers free advice on issues relating to housing, money, debt, and welfare benefits services to the members of community. The company is located in London. It has been operating for more than forty (40) years and has been supported by the government such as The Home Office, City Council, and Community Initiative; Local Housing Association and Charity donations. The company recruits both paid and unpaid workers from the community and it has been run by voluntary committee of Management. The size of the organisation is very small consisting of operation manager, money a dvisor, debt advisor, administrator and volunteers to deliver the service. The sample for the interview was made up of five out of six workers of the company who were all females. ... On the role of workers in the company, all two (2) student-workers are trainee case workers. One (1) fulltime worker is a case worker, one (1) is a senior case worker and the other one (1) is the operations manager of the company. All participants acknowledged that their roles were very important in the running of the company. Among the five workers interviewed, the two student-workers have worked in the company for three and four months respectively. All the three full time workers have worked in B&M for three years. It was however revealed that the operations manager has over twenty years of experience working in similar work set up. Recruitment and Selection Methods and Processes used by B&M Recruitment as the recruitment is the process of identifying and hiring best-qualified candidate (from within or outside of an organization) for a job vacancy, in a most timely and cost effective manner (www.businessdictionary.com). When a company recruits from among its existing workers, we s ay they are practicing internal recruitment. On the other hand, when the company involves people who are outside its staff base in the recruitment, it is said to be undertaking external method of recruitment. Because of the staff size of B&M, the organisation uses external recruitment and selection method exclusively to get applicants to apply for vacancies. The mode of advertisement for vacancies, according to participants was mainly through the use of local community newspaper and university career employability. Reasons given by fulltime workers on why the organisation uses of community newspaper was that the organisation did not have enough funds to run expensive and wide range advertisement. It was also

Equal Employment Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Equal Employment Opportunity - Essay Example 87). Diversity management is linked with growing organizational plans that value all individuals in the same way, not considering their distinctions. In controlling diversity, attempts are made by both the business as well as the persons in it to become accustomed to and acknowledge the value of diversity. Businesses can as well deal with diversity concerns in more limited techniques: (1) equal employment opportunity and (2) affirmative action. Equal employment opportunity (EEO) is a wide thought implying that persons must have equal dealing in every service associated activities. Persons who are sheltered under equal employment regulations are protected from illegitimate prejudice, which takes place as persons having identical traits are distinguished against because of that trait. Different laws have been passed to defend persons who share some particular traits, â€Å"such as race, age, or gender† (Smith, p. 102). Those having the elected traits are referred to as a seclude d group or as associates of a secluded faction. A sheltered group is made of those who come within a group recognized for defence in equal employment regulations and set of laws. Several of the sheltered groups, in the past, have been exposed to illegitimate bias. The reasons for protection that have been recognized by different centralized regulations are (1) cast, cultural basis, colour and creed (2) sexual characteristics (3) age bracket (4) persons with physical or psychological inabilities (5) armed forces experience and (6) religious conviction. For example, consider a company that is trying to be suitable for EEO policy has comparatively a small number of Hispanic executives. To raise the number of Hispanics, the company will employ and interview Hispanics who have minimum required credentials for the administration posts. What the company is offering is equal employment opportunity for competent persons to be considered for service. To remedy regions within which it seems th at persons in sheltered groups â€Å"have not had equal employment opportunities† (Burstein, p. 183), a number of companies have extended positive action approaches. Affirmative action takes place as companies recognize trouble regions, set objectives, and take constructive strides to assure equal employment opportunities for individuals in a sheltered group. Affirmative action concentrates on appointing, guiding, and endorsing of sheltered group associates where they are underrepresented within a company with respect to their ease of use within the labour markets from which hiring takes place. At times, companies have introduced affirmative action willingly, although many times companies have been obliged to do so as they are government service providers having more than 50 workers and more than 55,000 USD in government agreements yearly. When equal employment opportunity set of laws are talked about, perhaps the most unpredictable problems concern the approach that â€Å"a ffirmative action leads to quotas, preferential selection, and reverse discrimination† (Burstein, p. 201). Integral to the disagreement is the company’s part in choosing, guiding, and endorsing sheltered group associates as they are underrepresented in different professions within a company. Individuals who are not associates of any sheltered group have stated that there is inequity in reverse. This reverse bias may

Findings and Analysis Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Findings and Analysis - Dissertation Example Fig. 4.1 Key Themes The findings and analysis shall also include basic information on employees of B&M and their views on how they think management of B&M can improve on recruitment and selection process in the future and how management can retain workers who come into the company. 4.2 PRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION OF RESULTS/FINDINGS Background Information on the Company and Workers B&M is a non profit organisation that offers free advice on issues relating to housing, money, debt, and welfare benefits services to the members of community. The company is located in London. It has been operating for more than forty (40) years and has been supported by the government such as The Home Office, City Council, and Community Initiative; Local Housing Association and Charity donations. The company recruits both paid and unpaid workers from the community and it has been run by voluntary committee of Management. The size of the organisation is very small consisting of operation manager, money a dvisor, debt advisor, administrator and volunteers to deliver the service. The sample for the interview was made up of five out of six workers of the company who were all females. ... On the role of workers in the company, all two (2) student-workers are trainee case workers. One (1) fulltime worker is a case worker, one (1) is a senior case worker and the other one (1) is the operations manager of the company. All participants acknowledged that their roles were very important in the running of the company. Among the five workers interviewed, the two student-workers have worked in the company for three and four months respectively. All the three full time workers have worked in B&M for three years. It was however revealed that the operations manager has over twenty years of experience working in similar work set up. Recruitment and Selection Methods and Processes used by B&M Recruitment as the recruitment is the process of identifying and hiring best-qualified candidate (from within or outside of an organization) for a job vacancy, in a most timely and cost effective manner (www.businessdictionary.com). When a company recruits from among its existing workers, we s ay they are practicing internal recruitment. On the other hand, when the company involves people who are outside its staff base in the recruitment, it is said to be undertaking external method of recruitment. Because of the staff size of B&M, the organisation uses external recruitment and selection method exclusively to get applicants to apply for vacancies. The mode of advertisement for vacancies, according to participants was mainly through the use of local community newspaper and university career employability. Reasons given by fulltime workers on why the organisation uses of community newspaper was that the organisation did not have enough funds to run expensive and wide range advertisement. It was also

Compare the two newspapers Essay Example for Free

Compare the two newspapers Essay In this essay I will be studying two articles and discussing the differences between them. One article is from the tabloid newspaper The Daily Mail and the other article is from the broadsheet newspaper The Guardian. Both reports are the same and are about an A-level grading scandal at the universities in Cambridge and Oxford. The headline also includes slight exaggeration describing the disaster at the universities as a scandal to entice the reader. The page is set on a five-column layout with two subsections at the bottom of the page. The pictures are printed just below the headline, as they are important to the clarification of the report. Below the pictures are the annotations from each of the three students explaining their stories. There are also the names of the reporters and writers above the article. The three pictures of the students are full facials as the photographers were trying to get close-up enough so you can feel the frustration that they are going through. They are three separate pictures as the students are from different classes, possibly even from different schools. They have a student from History called Michael Herring a young lady from English called Ann-Marie and another young lady also called Anne-Marie but from Geography. The emotions they show are frustration and anger at the situations they have now been put in. The opening paragraph is definitely the main part of the article not including the headline. It is the first proper part of script, which you read, and its this part, which has to get you hooked for you to read on. The opening paragraph for this report definitely does that as it summarises the story in short form, so, if you like it, you read on, if you dont, you read whatever does interest you. Overall the written report is all about the event at hand, it doesnt wander and talk about something else suddenly, it is about the one story only. There arent really any opinions but it does have peoples speech and comments e. g. some members of the council board have mentioned that there is a definite fault in the new grading system. It does mention that Tony Blairs son Euan Blair could have also been affected by this event as he was taking his French A-levels at the time it happened. So Tony Blair is supporting any means of helping the situation. In my opinion the reporters would find it hard to find this sort of story amusing and they have obviously looked into every fact and written each one about twice. So I think they certainly have their own opinions about this situation. There isnt really any proper slang as this is an important report and the language is aimed at all age groups. The reporters have made sure everyone can read the article. It isnt written in superior or sophisticated words either, as the newspaper is not aimed at really high-class people . There isnt any jokes or stock expressions, as they arent trying to make this story into a joke , it is a serious report. I would say the overall tone of the report is earnest. This decision is supported by the title of the report which exaggerates the story and makes it sound very significant. The pictures support the tone as the students seem depressed and unhappy so they also make you think what has happened is not a good thing . The report itself is written as if they know exactly what their talking about and they want you to know. I dont think this is typical report for a tabloid newspaper because normally they add lots of stock expressions and use more colloquial language. I think the purpose of this report is to make you think. Think about the important things that are happening at the moment that arent actually affecting you, for you to realise what is happening in your community and to possibly act upon it. Maybe you cant act upon this but maybe when there is something else just as important you wont choose to ignore it. In the broadsheet newspaper this would probably be categorised as an inside story as it doesnt take up much room on a broadsheet page. Also this report doesnt have any pictures but it does have a lot of writing. The article is about the same subject as the tabloid, but the headline describes it in a different way. It doesnt use any exaggeration but it tries to make the report sound more horrific by saying the number of examination papers that have to be reviewed, which is, 300,000 where as the tabloid newspaper said the number of students that the grading scandal had hit, which is, 100,000. The report is a six-column layout with a short bold headline above it and a quick summary of what the story is about before you actually start to read the article and at the end of the report theres an email address for the Guardian newspaper online. The opening paragraph uses no colloquial language and is written in a full but short sentence. The whole article is dedicated to the written report and there are no subsections on the page although in a broadsheet there were probably other features on the page or other stories. Again the writers or reporters names are on the page. No slang words are used as the type of people who read the newspaper are mainly high-class people who wouldnt read slang or colloquial language. There are a lot of peoples comments in the report. I suspect the reporters find this story very interesting as they include what a lot of people said and add the teachers names who work at the universities. There are no stock expressions but I dont think its just because this is a serious report, I dont think they use them anyway. I think the tone of the report in the broadsheet is not quite as serious as in the tabloid , the newspaper liked the story and decided to publish it to see if that would get the readers eye. I dont think it was very high priority to the reporters as it was only an inside story and there were no pictures to support the tone of the article and the headline wasnt very strong either. The broadsheet would ever publish something like this as a human interest story, unlike the tabloid, as it would not interest the type of people who would buy this newspaper. My conclusion is that I think tabloid newspapers are easier to read and they have pictures to support the article and the newspaper is smaller to carry around. They were both very informative but in their own ways. They are very different and that is because they are aimed at different audiences.

Inequality in Brazil: An Overview

Inequality in Brazil: An Overview Introduction In this report my task is to determine the level of wellbeing in Brazil. To make this decision, the following components have been investigated/evaluated with high amounts of research:   gender equality and empowering women; eliminate extreme hunger poverty; and universal primary education. General Information Brazil is the worlds 5th substantial nation and has an area of 3,287,613 which smaller than the US but 35 times larger than the UK. Brazil has a scope of landscapes which compromise from large forest areas, deserts, plains and grasslands to mountain ranges. Brazil is well-known for the Amazon River which goes on for 6,516km. Most coastal areas are humid and moist, in Amazonas areas it varies from tropical to temperate. The capital is known as Brasilia, there are other major urban areas known as Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paula and so on. The official language is Portuguese, Christianity is the most common or principle religion but there is freedom to worship any religion. The expected life average is 69.9 years for males and 78.4 years for females. The nation consists of a population of 196.50 million. Brazil is given the status of federal republic; the elected constitution accommodates crucial rights and certifications of citizens. Brazilian constitution allows citizens the right to get free medical assistance provided by the government. Brazil surpassed the UK to become the 6th largest economy in the world Wellbeing in Brazil Compared with OECD nations and the Russian Federation, Brazil has some regions of relative strength and quality and some areas of relative weakness across the OECD well-being dimensions. Brazil has set a name for comprehensive development and poverty reduction. Brazil has a high rank above the average in subjective well-being, social connections. Unfortunately, Brazil is below average in income wage and wealth, occupations and profit, lodging, ecological quality, health status, and education and skills. When considering jobs and education, 66.7% Brazilians were employed in 2013, more than in the OECD on average (65.9%). Furthermore, the share of Brazilian employees regularly working very long hours was 10.4% in 2012, below the OECD average of 12.5%. Only 46.4% of adults in Brazil have been privileged with the ability to achieve upper secondary education compared to an average of 77.2% in the OECD. The intellectual abilities of children in Brazil are below the average (measured by PISA study). 6.7% of people living in a household live without basic sanitation which is higher than the average. The calculated life expectancy at birth is 75 years which is 5 years lower than what the OECD have recorded from other nations. On the bright side, results tell us that air quality in Brazil is substantially better than most countries. The safety of individuals is still a factor which has still to be dealt with, death through assault is 6 times higher than the average. Concerning the public sphe re, there is a strong sense of community and high levels of civic participation in Brazil, where 90% of people believe that they know someone they could rely on in time of need. Impacts of Gender Inequality    Social: Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles. Gender inequality primarily affects women: they experience poverty differently from men because they are denied equal rights and opportunities, lack access to resources and services and are excluded from important decisions that affect their lives and development. Gender equality measures of gender equality include access to basic education, health and life expectancy, equality of economic opportunity, and political empowerment. Health and life expectancy have less than average results. Tiny air pollutant particles small enough to enter and cause damage to the lungs and respiratory system, this case has been recorded by individuals and families. Water quality is not as satisfying as the OECD average which is 81%. Life expectancy in Brazil is 75 years which is 5 years lower than the average collected by a series if countries. Brazil has been tackling problems with income equality between genders despite the high rates of growth, this is due to disadvantages in schooling. Gender Inequality is very high in Brazil, some say that its it increasing. Recent presidents have stated to make gender equality a priority but limited efforts have been put in to quantify the impacts of gender-based policies. Participation of women in the society has increased in the past few years, this led to new policies mitigate gender discrimination. From statistics, women spend an average of 25.9 hours on chores, however men only spend an average of 15.5 hours. Brazil has one of the highest rates of violence against women, it remains high for two reasons. Firstly, the laws are not enforced properly and are not given enough effort to allow the law to be strict and permanent. Secondly, there is refusal to acknowledge the law and the reason behind it is inequality between men and women. Impacts of Hunger and Poverty Economic and Social: Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. It is a multifaceted concept, which includes social, economic, and political elements. Poverty is an economic and social issue. Factors that effect poverty are a culture discrimination, education and inequality. The level of poverty in Brazil is well above the norm for a middle-income country. Within Brazil, there are wide disparities in the extent of poverty. More than half of all poor Brazilians live in the Northeast. Despite urbanization, rural and urban areas contribute equally to national poverty. Population below poverty line: 21.4% note: approximately 4% of the population are below the extreme poverty line. Brazil has only a few wealthy people but are very high on poor people, the gap between the highest and lowest social levels are very high. Stabilization of the economy has given more purchasing powers to the poor. Income inequality is one of the main factors effecting poverty in Brazil. The system distributes money from 90% of the poor to the top 10% of the richest.   The richest people in Brazil have access to over 40% of the countrys income while the poor only have access to 1%. Environmental: Because extreme poverty doesnt always lend to widespread birth education, many poor women lack the resources necessary to engage in birth control. Therefore, it is common for poor women to continue having children well after they would have liked because of little to no access to resources and education. Air pollution is another way in which poverty contributes to environmental degradation. As mentioned above, poor communities lack the proper knowledge when it comes to production techniques. Thus, the ways in which they use resources to help them survive are harmful to the resources around them, and ultimately the world at large. Impacts of No (Lack of) Education Economic and Social: Lack of education is the disadvantage of receiving very limited education, very basic and below average to read or write, not able to understand maths. Lack of education is a root cause of poverty, it is preventing millions of people from escaping the cycle of extreme poverty around the world. Brazil children have access to free public education at all levels. Education at a Primary level is compulsory, and most of the Primary schools are maintained by the municipalities or the states that they occupy. This means that wealthier cities or states have better schools than their poorer counterparts, and the children suffer because of a lack of adequate amenities and resources. This, in turn, means that poorer children receive a lower level of education. Many children do not attend school because of malnutrition, as this makes them unable to develop intellectually and to adjust to the social environment of a school. Child labour amongst poorer children is also an enormous problem, despite its being technically illegal to employ a child less than 16 years of age. Poor families generally prefer for their children to start working as soon as possible, so that they may bring in an income. This has resulted in labourers as young as 10 years old, missing school in a desperate attempt to earn money. The high examination failure rate is another factor that influences non-attendance at schools, despite there being free. Conclusion After comparing all three dominant factors, it is decided that lack of education is the main cause of inequality. It reduces chance of a good life, you can never get a job and this can lead to increase in poverty, this also gets rid of their opportunity of income. Knowledge can bring up new leaders and change the world. It can make most social, economic and environmental issues disappear. Education reduces poverty and inequality. Women leaders will gain respect and decrease gender inequality.

Ogden Financial Data :: essays research papers

OGDEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA DECEMBER 31 1988 1987(*) 1986(*) (In thousands of dollars, except per-share amounts) Net sales and service revenues $1,087,785 $ 902,565 $ 819,629 INCOME (LOSS) FROM: Continuing operations 57,780 47,802 35,109 Discontinued operations 80,920 Net income (loss) 57,780 47,802 116,029 EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE: Continuing operations 1.44 1.19 .89 Discontinued operations 2.09 Total 1.44 1.19 2.98 EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE-ASSUMING FULL DILUTION: Continuing operations 1.41 1.17 .88 Discontinued operations 2.00 Total 1.41 1.17 2.88 Total assets 2,201,745 1,759,496 1,642,634 LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS: Operations other than resource-recovery 251,855 183,740 110,315 Resource-recovery operation 1,163,565 795,195 772,754 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 425,754 406,576 392,639 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY PER COMMON SHARE 10.70 10.32 10.09 CASH DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE 1.10 1.00 .90 (TABLE CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31 1985(*) 1984(*) (In thousands of dollars, except per-share amounts) Net sales and service revenues $ 743,963 $688,669 INCOME (LOSS) FROM: Continuing operations 14,375 24,591 Discontinued operations (35,675) 15,150 Net income (loss) (21,300) 39,741 EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE: Continuing operations .36 .63 Discontinued operations (.94) .40 Total (.58) 1.03 EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE-ASSUMING FULL DILUTION: Continuing operations .36 .62 Discontinued operations (.94) .38 Total (.58) 1.00 Total assets 1,465,023 837,445 LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS: Operations other than resource-recovery 228,103 261,567 Resource-recovery operation 597,945 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 308,833 361,098 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY PER COMMON SHARE 7.19 9.38 CASH DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE .90 .90 (*) Restated - See Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements. [*37] [HARDCOPY PAGE 37] Ogden Corporation and Subsidiaries MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS The accompanying financial statements for prior years have been restated to reflect the consolidation of Ogden's leasing and financing subsidiaries and a captive insurance company previously included on the equity method of accounting, as well as the previously off-balance sheet financing assets, liabilities, and related revenues and costs of resource-recovery facilities. (See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.) OPERATIONS: Sales and service revenues for 1988 increased by $185,200,000, or 20.5%, over 1987. Operating Services revenues were $108,600,000 higher, primarily reflecting increased revenues of $62,500,000 and $40,000,000 in the Building Services and Aviation Services groups, respectively, chiefly associated with new accounts and increased customer activity. The other areas of Operating Services also had increased revenues, which were partially offset by reduced revenues in Leisure Services of $20,400,000, due primarily to the loss of certain theatre concession accounts in 1987. Environmental Services started commercial operations in 1988 and had revenues of $7,500,000 for the year. Resource-recovery operations had increased revenues of $69,000,000. Service revenues increased $37,000,000 over 1987, reflecting eight facilities in operation in 1988 having a per-day capacity of 7,762 tons, compared with five facilities in operation in 1987 having a per-day capacity of 3,200 tons. Construction revenues were $32,000,000 higher, reflecting three projects under construction in 1988, only one of which reaching more than 25% completion in 1988, compared with two plants under construction and one completed in 1987. Income from operations for 1988 increased $6,000,000 over 1987. Ogden Financial Data :: essays research papers OGDEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA DECEMBER 31 1988 1987(*) 1986(*) (In thousands of dollars, except per-share amounts) Net sales and service revenues $1,087,785 $ 902,565 $ 819,629 INCOME (LOSS) FROM: Continuing operations 57,780 47,802 35,109 Discontinued operations 80,920 Net income (loss) 57,780 47,802 116,029 EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE: Continuing operations 1.44 1.19 .89 Discontinued operations 2.09 Total 1.44 1.19 2.98 EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE-ASSUMING FULL DILUTION: Continuing operations 1.41 1.17 .88 Discontinued operations 2.00 Total 1.41 1.17 2.88 Total assets 2,201,745 1,759,496 1,642,634 LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS: Operations other than resource-recovery 251,855 183,740 110,315 Resource-recovery operation 1,163,565 795,195 772,754 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 425,754 406,576 392,639 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY PER COMMON SHARE 10.70 10.32 10.09 CASH DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE 1.10 1.00 .90 (TABLE CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31 1985(*) 1984(*) (In thousands of dollars, except per-share amounts) Net sales and service revenues $ 743,963 $688,669 INCOME (LOSS) FROM: Continuing operations 14,375 24,591 Discontinued operations (35,675) 15,150 Net income (loss) (21,300) 39,741 EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE: Continuing operations .36 .63 Discontinued operations (.94) .40 Total (.58) 1.03 EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE-ASSUMING FULL DILUTION: Continuing operations .36 .62 Discontinued operations (.94) .38 Total (.58) 1.00 Total assets 1,465,023 837,445 LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS: Operations other than resource-recovery 228,103 261,567 Resource-recovery operation 597,945 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 308,833 361,098 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY PER COMMON SHARE 7.19 9.38 CASH DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE .90 .90 (*) Restated - See Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements. [*37] [HARDCOPY PAGE 37] Ogden Corporation and Subsidiaries MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS The accompanying financial statements for prior years have been restated to reflect the consolidation of Ogden's leasing and financing subsidiaries and a captive insurance company previously included on the equity method of accounting, as well as the previously off-balance sheet financing assets, liabilities, and related revenues and costs of resource-recovery facilities. (See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.) OPERATIONS: Sales and service revenues for 1988 increased by $185,200,000, or 20.5%, over 1987. Operating Services revenues were $108,600,000 higher, primarily reflecting increased revenues of $62,500,000 and $40,000,000 in the Building Services and Aviation Services groups, respectively, chiefly associated with new accounts and increased customer activity. The other areas of Operating Services also had increased revenues, which were partially offset by reduced revenues in Leisure Services of $20,400,000, due primarily to the loss of certain theatre concession accounts in 1987. Environmental Services started commercial operations in 1988 and had revenues of $7,500,000 for the year. Resource-recovery operations had increased revenues of $69,000,000. Service revenues increased $37,000,000 over 1987, reflecting eight facilities in operation in 1988 having a per-day capacity of 7,762 tons, compared with five facilities in operation in 1987 having a per-day capacity of 3,200 tons. Construction revenues were $32,000,000 higher, reflecting three projects under construction in 1988, only one of which reaching more than 25% completion in 1988, compared with two plants under construction and one completed in 1987. Income from operations for 1988 increased $6,000,000 over 1987.

The Movement of Disease Essays -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Movement of Disease The desire to travel and explore developed among many early civilizations. This mobility provided these cultures with many advantages that have helped to advance their societies. Unfortunately, these movements are also responsible for the transmission of numerous diseases and their resulting adverse effects upon the inhabitants of the Earth. This essay seeks to outline the causes of epidemic diseases, explain their diffusion around the world, and explore why they are more harmful in certain societies. During the First Great Transition, small mobile groups of hunter-gatherers began to adopt sedentary lifestyles. This was facilitated by the development of agriculture and the practice of animal domestication. Although the foundation of agriculture originated in the Mediterranean, it spread to Europe, the near East and eventually the rest of the populated world. With more efficient methods of food production, the population of these groups began to significantly increase. Domesticated animals were not only used as a supplementary food source (meat and milk), but also for providing animal power in labor-intensive activities (such as plowing). The transition to a sedentary lifestyle caused a major decline in health in these growing societies as virulent and lethal diseases began to appear. "The major killers of humanity throughout recent history-smallpox, flu, tuberculosis, malaria, plague, measles, and cholera-are diseases that evolved from diseases of animals, even though most of the microbes responsible for our own epidemic illnesses are paradoxically now almost confined to humans."1 As early farmers began to live closer to and spend more time with livestock and pets, the germs from these animals w... ...s. As trade became a compelling force for the cultural evolution of many societies, they helped to spread diseases over the entire world. Due to an auspicious piece of luck, Europe, with many more domesticated animals and therefore epidemic diseases, was able to develop immunities that the populous of the Americas lacked. Sources: 1. Diamond, Jered. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W.W. Norton. 1997. Pg. 196-197. 2. Chant, Colin. Pre-industrial Cities & Technology. London: Routledge. 1999. Pg. 51. 3. Diamond. Pg. 205. 4. Ehrlich, Paul R. Human Natures: Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect. Washington D.C.: Island Press. 2000. Pg. 268. 5. Ponting, Clive. A Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1992. Pg. 224. 6. Ehrlich. Pg. 254 7. Diamond. Pg. 212.

Talent Planning

This report has been written on Talent Planning, within this report the following will be indentified and assessed: At least four ways that affect the organisations approach to attracting talent, three organisation benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce, three factors that affect an organisations approach to recruitment and selection methods, three purposes on induction and how they benefit individuals and organisations and I will include our organisations induction plans that will identify areas covered in the plans, including timelines and those involved in the process.Main Identify and assess at least four ways that affect the organisations approach to attracting talent Skill Shortage: finding the right people outside of the organisation can be a challenge, in cases where companies are expanding into new markets that they’re not aware of, expanding into new business’ where they may not have the core skills. Identify at least three organisation benef its of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce.Employing diverse individuals can support an ease of communication within the market places for example; employing somebody who can speak more than one language could be usual to United Biscuits if they were to be part of a UB International sales team. By employing a diverse work force the organisation shows that is has an understanding of culture and beliefs, it is compliant with the Equality and Diversity Act 2010. The company must ‘protect individuals from unfair treatment and promote a fair and more equal society’ (Equality Act 2010).Ensuring a diverse work force also means that the employee has a wider skill base; individuals from different backgrounds etc can introduce new ways of working, or be able to bring new ideas and opinions to the workplace, that could benefit the business in many ways. Three factors that affect an organisations approach to recruitment and selection Cost of advertisement Role requirements and person specification. How many employees are to be taken on for the role and contract length. Three benefits of different recruitment methodsThree different types of recruitment methods that Untied Biscuits use and the benefits of each are: Recruitment agency: benefits of recruiting through an agency are, the agency work with the company’s requirements/specifications to filter candidates for interview process, the agency can be involved at interview stages. More time efficient and effective than a manager searching through a number of applicants and CVs. Employee Referral: candidates are known and trust by a current employee.Contract Staffing: are not employed directly through the organisation, can ‘get rid of’ at any time, can shop around for cheaper contractors, aren’t managed through the organisation. Three benefits of different recruitment selection – see workbook slides. Interviews Psychological testing Assessments Referencing Three purpos es on induction and how they benefit individuals and organisations It is important for any employee to receive a full and correct induction at the start of their employment, whether they are office or factory based, this is important because it is essential that both United Biscuits and the employee:Following correct policy and procedures from the start. This can avoid any company policies not being complied with or even any laws being broken for example, health and safety act 1998. The employee has background and information on the company in which they have joined. Include an induction plan that identifies areas to be covered, including timelines and those involved in the process. United Biscuits has varied inductions plans depending on your role within the business whether it is in the corporate function teams or a factory based employee.I have attached a copy of our Corporate Induction presentation that is used when a corporate function member of staff joins the business (please see appendix). The induction plan for a factory-based employee is slightly different as this induction includes information, which is relevant to the site they are based in and also to their role within the site. This induction includes a presentation as does the corporate functions, and a number of rules that must be followed at all times whilst on site, for example, certain factories are ‘nut free’ zones this means that you cant take any form of nut, or food containing nuts on to the site.It is important for these rules to be made clear from the start of an employee’s employment to avoid disciplinary action/dismissals from the business at a later stage if these rules are not followed. A factory employee will also have to attend various Health & safety courses etc, normally where possible in the first weeks of employment. All employees based on a factory site are taken on a guide of the factory and are provided with the correct clothing on their first day. Talent Planning IntroductionThis report has been written on Talent Planning, within this report the following will be indentified and assessed: At least four ways that affect the organisations approach to attracting talent, three organisation benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce, three factors that affect an organisations approach to recruitment and selection methods, three purposes on induction and how they benefit individuals and organisations and I will include our organisations induction plans that will identify areas covered in the plans, including timelines and those involved in the process.MainIdentify and assess at least four ways that affect the organisations approach to attracting talentSkill Shortage: finding the right people outside of the organisation can be a challenge, in cases where companies are expanding into new markets that they’re not aware of, expanding into new business’ where they may not have the core skills.Identify at least three organisat ion benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce.Employing diverse individuals can support an ease of communication within the market places for example; employing somebody who can speak more than one language could be usual to United Biscuits if they were to be part of a UB International sales team. By employing a diverse work force the organisation shows that is has an understanding of culture and beliefs, it is compliant with the Equality and Diversity Act 2010.The company must ‘protect individuals from unfair treatment and promote a fair and more equal society’ (Equality Act 2010). Ensuring a diverse work force also means that the employee has a wider skill base; individuals from different backgrounds etc  can introduce new ways of working, or be able to bring new ideas and opinions to the workplace, that could benefit the business in many ways.Three factors that affect an organisations approach to recruitment and selectionCost of advertisement Role re quirements and person specification. How many employees are to be taken on for the role and contract length.Three benefits of different recruitment methodsThree different types of recruitment methods that Untied Biscuits use and the benefits of each are:Recruitment agency: benefits of recruiting through an agency are, the agency work with the company’s requirements/specifications to filter candidates for interview process, the agency can be involved at interview stages. More time efficient and effective than a manager searching through a number of applicants and CVs. Employee Referral: candidates are known and trust by a current employee. Contract Staffing: are not employed directly through the organisation, can ‘get rid of’ at any time, can shop around for cheaper contractors, aren’t managed through the organisation.Three benefits of different recruitment selection – see workbook slides.Interviews Psychological testing Assessments ReferencingThree purposes on induction and how they benefit individuals and organisationsIt is important for any employee to receive a full and correct induction at the start of their employment, whether they are office or factory based, this is important because it is essential that both United Biscuits and the employee:Following correct policy and procedures from the start. This can avoid any company policies not being complied with or even any laws being broken for example, health and safety act 1998. The employee has background and information on the company in which they have joined.Include an induction plan that identifies areas to be covered, including timelines and those involved in the process.United Biscuits has varied inductions plans depending on your role within the business whether it is in the corporate function teams or a factory based employee.I have attached a copy of our Corporate Induction presentation that is used when a corporate function member of staff joins the business (ple ase see appendix).The induction plan for a factory-based employee is slightly different as this induction includes information, which is relevant to the site they are based in and also to their role within the site. This induction includes a presentation as does the corporate functions, and a number of rules that must be followed at all times whilst on site, for example, certain factories are ‘nut free’ zones this means that you cant take any form of nut, or food containing nuts on to the site.It is important for these rules to be made clear from the start of an employee’s employment to avoid disciplinary action/dismissals from the business at a later stage if these rules are not followed.A factory employee will also have to attend various Health & safety courses etc, normally where possible in the first weeks of employment. All employees based on a factory site are taken on a guide of the factory and are provided with the correct clothing on their first day.