What Goes Around Comes Around - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 526 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? â€Å"What goes around comes around† (PRAISE OF THE PROVERB/ AUTHOR): The proverb â€Å"What goes around comes around†, also known as karma has a powerful effect on the human race. Whatever you say, good or bad will eventually come back to you in a a positive or negative way in the future. This proverb has been around for centuries before our parents, their parents, and our great, great grandparents where ever even know. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Goes Around Comes Around" essay for you Create order This saying has become popular because many of the wise live by these words and truly understand the power that our actions have on our future. PARAPHARSE AND EXPLANANTION): We can’t help but think the way we do sometimes but, the way we act towards a situation we have a certain type of control over. Depending if we act in a positive or negative way from our thoughts if our future is good or bad. (PROOF): Treat others the way you want to be treated. If you do something that you shouldn’t be doing its going to come back to you. People usually understand the proverb because they at one time or another have experienced the consequences of their actions as karma. EXAMPLE): An example of â€Å"What goes around comes around† in a positive way . Such as when others help is needed. There once was an old lady who went on vacation and got a flat tire. It was dark and cold, suddenly a guy in torn, dirty clothes came to her aid. He changed the tire that got flat. She offered to pay him any amount of money he wanted for coming to her rescue. He declined her offer and simply said what you can do for me in exchange is do good for others and help them like I’ve helped you, smile and think for me. She stops at a cafe almost home from her vacation. She sees that her waitress is pregnant she lives her what’s left of a hundred dollar in addition to four more hundred dollars as her tip. Later that night the waitress goes home in bed with her husband who just happens to be the same gentleman that’s helped the lady with the flat tire. (TESTIMONY): Nowadays there a many sayings and quotes based on the truths of this proverb. Such as in Newton’s law, â€Å"every action has an equal and opposite reaction† or as the Europeans use to say, â€Å"If you dig a pit for someone you’ll fall in yourself†, both explaining the same meaning of â€Å"what goes around comes around†. EPILOGUE): Now that we know all about making are conscious aware of our actions and the consequences that will happen from the choices that we make we should help those in need with a positive attitude and outlook. Audience: Those who do good for others and those who are selfish. Argument: â€Å"What goes around comes aro und† relates to all three types of argument but the main argument in my proverb is the ethical approach. Do you think that this is right or not. Evidence: When people experience the consequences of their good or bad actions in the future.

The Stages Of Development On The Subject Of Adolescence...

Conducting this interview helped me understand the stages of development on the subject of adolescence and middle adulthood. Since there are a lot of preconceived notions about these life stages, it was somewhat challenging. This learning experience (and other lessons), I believe, will help me prepare in the field of human services. The main focus is the similarities and differences about these two interviewees and to reflect upon the interviews. To start, my interviewees, Natalie and Cristian responded to questions that I asked them to answer; the answers were very different between these two individuals. When I interviewed Natalie, I asked her what is the best time of Life? She said middle age is ‘’the best time of my life.’’ which is different from the second interviewee Natalie believes middle adulthood is the best time because her life has become more stable and she is able to focus more on her family. Obviously, there are reasons behind this; their an swers reflect on the kind of person they are. According to Berk, Women can be become ‘’more dominant in family relationships,’’ they more expressive about their feelings and sentiments and it is more common once they reach middle adulthood. (Berk, 2014, p. 430) In addition, middle-aged people become more compassionate, sensitive, and thoughtful, according to Berk. Which might explain why Natalie wants to be closer to her children. These characteristics might bring her family closer together. The second interviewee,Show MoreRelatedInterviews on Human Development Through Three Generations1532 Words   |  6 Pagespsychology class was to pick a topic and interview three generations on the subject of my choice. In this paper I will talk about the following; each person I interviewed, their responses to the questions, the difficulties I faced, the stages of development each generation is experiencing, relating each generation to a theory, compare the similarities and differences each generation is experiencing in their stage of development, and what I learned from this experience. The topic I explored for each generationRead MoreErik Erikson s Development Theory1603 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson’s lifespan development theory has proven to be popular and applicable to many people. However, Erikson’s theory was a bit bias and generalized groups of people whose cultures, genders and environments did not apply to his theory. This paper will focus on Erikson’s last four stages of development, and discuss how each stage may be impacted by these various factors. Identity vs. Role Confusion The adolescence stage of development in Erikson’s theory was labeled as identity vs. role confusionRead MoreThe Sexuality of Adolescent Americans in Juno1555 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sexuality of Adolescent Americans: Juno Abstract Sexuality and sex in America is a complicated subject in that there is little consensus on the topic of sex in, and the American media sends many mixed messages regarding sex and sexuality to everyone, not just to adolescents. Americans are aware of sex primarily through advertising (print media, commercials, etc.) as sex is used to sell anything and everything. The media also bombards Americans with sexuality and sex on television and inRead MoreAcceptance of Homosexuality Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Homosexuality, unlike many other psychological issues, is not associated with starting at birth. For the most part, it is an issue dealt with mostly by adolescence and adults. That is not to say that it does not become an issue sooner, it is just to say that it most commonly occurs later in life. Homosexuals have been the subjects of many studies to discover their multifaceted lives. These studies focus on steps and problems that homosexuals undergo and encounter on their journey to acceptanceRead MorePiaget’S (1936/1953) Stages Of Cognitive Development.In1600 Words   |  7 PagesPiaget’s (1936/1953) stages of cognitive development. In his theory of cognitive development, Piaget (1936/1953) asserted that children have a natural ability to construct meaning about the world around them. Piaget (1952) believed that children build their knowledge of the world around them using schema, which he defined as â€Å"a cohesive, repeatable action sequence possessing compon ent actions that are tightly interconnected and governed by a core meaning† (p. 7). In other words, schema act asRead MoreErik Erikson Essay example1571 Words   |  7 Pagesschooling produced so instead of going to college he traveled around Europe, keeping a diary of his experiences. After a year of doing this, he returned to Germany and enrolled in art school. After several years, Erickson began to teach art and other subjects to children of Americans who had come to Vienna for Freudian training. He was then admitted into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. In 1933 he came to the U.S. and became Bostons first child analyst and obtained a position at the Hayvard MedicalRead More3 Generations - Project Essay704 Words   |  3 Pagesthree people, each from a different age group: Early Childhood (age 4-6) Middle and Late Childhood (age 7-12) Adolescence (age 13-19) Early Adulthood (age 20-39) Middle Adulthood (age 40-64) Late Adulthood (age 64 and older) As a result of your interviews, you should be able to compare how subjects were similar or different in their levels of biological development, cognitive development, and/or social development. The back of this sheet has some suggested interview questions to ask. YouRead MoreWhat Are The Causes Of Our Generation Of Changelings?1214 Words   |  5 Pagespersonality is defined as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character. Many educators and psychologists have brought up the question, can personality change? Indeed, it can. It can happen in adolescence, adulthood, and over time. The Phi Delta Kappan, a professional magazine for educators, features articles on education, research, policy issues and trends. Flow Conway and Jim Siegelman wrote a column titled, â€Å"What Are the Causes of Our Generation ofRead MoreThe Developmental Theory Created By Erik Erikson1990 Words   |  8 Pagescourse of their entire life. Following a brief biography of Erikson’s life, the paper will touch upon the 8 stages between birth and death wherein the most psychologically significant of these dilemmas take place. It will discuss the psychological impact of trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, and industry versus inferiority on early development from infancy through childhood. It will then cover the significance of identity versus role confusion, intimacyRead MoreEssay on Adolescence - Learning and development. Not a bad essay written over night for a Monday hand in,surprised at the outcome will post the Bibliography when I f ind it3514 Words   |  15 PagesAdolescence - Learning and development Adolescence is considered as a normal part of the human life span, connecting middle childhood and young adulthood, this period consists of three separate phases: early, middle, and late adolescence. The adolescent years extend roughly from age 10 to age 22. It is common to mark the beginning of the teenage years as the entrance to adolescence; most people consider that the onset of puberty, or the beginning of sexual maturity, as a sign of an individuals

Oleana as a Tragedy Free Essays

Oleana presents many definitive traits that could categorise it as a tragedy. The most prominent is the presence of a ‘harnartia’, executed by John. Harnartia is Greek terminology that translates literally to â€Å"missing the mark†, and was often used to depict the ‘Hero’s fatal flaw. We will write a custom essay sample on Oleana as a Tragedy or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the case of Oleana, it could be argued that John committed the fatal error’ of breaching the lawful gap between teacher and student by â€Å"placing his arm around† Carol while trying to soothe her. This sentimental reaction is generally condoned by the audience, despite the legal implications, as the motional reasoning behind it temporarily clouds the unprofessional elements. Ultimately these actions result in a string of misfortune. Tragedies also have a reputation for elating the audience, and encouraging conflicting emotions for the characters. Such is arguably achieved, as Carol is portrayed as a youthful woman whom is insecure in her own academic abilities and correspondingly becomes a victim to John’s crass, arrogant attitude as is shown by an extreme amount of ellipsis and interruptions in their earlier interactions. She is also strained by that of her own group’ whom convince her to liberate the dramatic allegations that guarantied John’s downfall. However, she is also represented as vindictive and headstrong, as is shown by her dialogue in the last act wherein she attempts to blackmail John into rebuking his book: â€Å"If you would like me to speak to the tenure committee, here is my list. You are a free person, you decide. John is firstly depicted as a brash and slightly aloof man with good intentions, but as the story develops, these quirks lose their initial romance and his character appears intrusive and pompous, due to his esquipedalian qualities. He dominates the conversation and ushers Carol repeatedly; an action which is generally regarded as being extremely derogatory and advocates the belief that his elder status gives him a right to be condescending. Even disregarding the fact that they are of opposite sexes, it is strenuous to reach a conclusive, untainted resolve, and thus the desired effect is achieved. It is common in tragedies to have a ‘reversal’ of fortune; this could be aligned with John’s looming loss of power, Job, home, and, effectively, life, due to Carol’s persecution. A great deal of his loss is arguably down to John’s insolent action of belittling the resonance of a higher power; in this case the Tenure Committee. He believes that they will revoke the statement, and thus foolishly provides Carol with more opportunities to amplify damning evidence. This is an unmistakable trait in variations of Tragedies, generally tagged ‘hubris’, wherein the equilibrium is only achieved after the hero suffers for their imprudence towards the Gods. Lastly, a key feature in any play is the chorus; a seemingly detached group, whom gather to inflict Judgements and muse over the ighteousness of the character’s actions throughout. The most relevant comparison to this in Oleana is the presence of the telephone, and the confliction and distraction it brings. This ongoing chaos could possibly be interpreted as foreshadowing for the misfortune that John was fated to experience, or the general tone of condemnation regarding John’s various inappropriate actions towards Carol. In conclusion, there are many connections that can be made between a typical tragedy production and Oleana, and it would be completely valid to place Oleana in that genre. Oleana as a Tragedy By saraelnairree How to cite Oleana as a Tragedy, Papers

The House of Fear To The House of Love

Question: Write an essay onThe House of Fear to the House of Love. Answer: We are the people, who are filled with fear. We are fearful about everything. The unknown fear has taken over every part of the human life. We praise lord, because we fear that he will bring his curse on us. We live with an omnipresent fear. The main point of the author is to explain that every aspect of the human life is filled with fear of something or the other. Fear has dominated our lives so much that we can go in depression with the feeling of fear. According to the author, there is a close link between power and fear. We have fear from those, who possess power. Human beings are controlled by the powers of the others since childhood. When we were small, we had fear of our parents and elders; in school we fear our teachers; at work we have fear of our boss, and in church we have fear of Bishop. There are many threatening figures, who have dominated the lives of fearful humans. It is very difficult to take any decision, which is out of any kind of fear. For every fearful question , there is always a fearful answer. The entire human race is raised with the concern for the power, control and prestige. The kingdom of God is open for everyone. There is no place for fear. God needs devotion, truth and love and not fear from the believers. Jesus has played an important role in the lives of the believers, by showing them the right path towards God. Ion the house of God, there is no place for fear. God should be praised without fear of getting punished. Through this only people could achieve peace and contentment in the anxious world. The one, who have faith and belief in God, is the fearless person.

The Importance of Being Earnest a review Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Being Earnest a review Essay The play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde definitely proved itself to be A Trivial Comedy for Serious People. I saw the play at Lindenwood Universitys Jelkyl Theatre. The play was long, in a three-act structure, yet it moved along at a good pace. They did a nice job of preparing the audience, there was an interesting lobby display with sketches of each of the costumes with fabric samples and they played music to fit the time period before the show began. The first of Aristotles six components of theatre is plot. This play had an intricate and definitely interesting plot. The story begins with Ernest visiting his friend Algernon, or Algy, at his house in town. Through comical discussion, Algy soon realizes that Ernests real name is Jack, and that he is known as Jack at his home in the country. He simply invented the character of Ernest, his supposed evil brother, for an excuse to visit the city more often. Algernon then confesses that he also has a ficticious friend for an escape from reality. His name is Bunbury, and he is a permanent invalid whose illnesses often allow Algernon to escape from unpleasant social engagements. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Being Earnest a review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Jack is beginning to worry, because people back home are gaining curiosity as to why they have never met his brother. So, he and Algernon compose a plan. Jack will simply come home very upset and tell everyone that Ernest has died of a severe chill. This seems like the perfect plan. However, Algernon decides that he wants to meet Jacks people from the country, especially his eighteen -year old ward Cecily, so Algernon shows up at Jacks townhouse pretending to be Ernest, Jacks brother. Everyone is very excited to finally meet him and immediately Ernest(Algernon) and Cecily fall in love. The two of them go inside for refreshments when a very shaken Jack arrives explaining to everyone that Ernest is dead. Everyone is a bit surprised by this, since Ernest is supposedly there. Jack, distrustful of Algernons intentions toward Cecily, orders Algernon to leave by the next train. Algernon and Cecily say their goodbyes, and Cecily confesses she has been deeply in love with Ernest for a year and has made entries in her diary detailing the courtship. Algernon, wishing to stay Ernest for Cecilys sake, rushes off to the church to be rechristened Ernest. Gwendolen, Algernons cousin, who happens to be engaged to Jack whom she believes to be Ernest, arrives from London looking for Jack/Ernest and is escorted into the garden to meet Cecily. They sit down to afternoon tea and accidentally discover they are both in love with Ernest Worthing. Jack and Algernon return to the garden, are confronted by their lovers, and admit their true identities. Gwendolen and Cecily, each with her heart set on loving someone by the name of Ernest, retreat indoors together. Gwendolen and Cecily decide to forgive Jack and Algernon their indiscretions and promise to marry them. Lady Bracknell, Gwendolens mother, makes a surprise visit in order to retrieve Gwendolen. When she learns of Cecilys great fortune, she gives her consent to Algernons marriage to Cecily. Jack refuses to give his consent, however, unless he is allowed to wed Gwendolen. Chasuble arrives to rechristen both young men when Miss Prisms, Cecilys teacher, name is mentioned. Lady Bracknell recognizes the name and asks that she be sent for. Miss Prism reveals she had been previously employed as governess to Lady Bracknells sister (Algernons mother) but that one day she failed to come home with the baby in her charge. Miss Prism further admits to leaving her unpublished manuscript in the baby carriage while placing the baby in a black leather handbag. Jack runs upstairs and retrieves the black handbag in which he was found. .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db , .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db .postImageUrl , .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db , .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db:hover , .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db:visited , .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db:active { border:0!important; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db:active , .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u72b1fb3601066664a603f6d9f684e9db:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: China's Growing Economy Essay The handbag, indeed, belonged to Miss Prism, and Jack was the lost baby. Jack, it turns out is Algernons older brother. In a bid to discover his real name, Jack makes a check of historical military records and discovers his real name is that of his late father, Ernest! Ernest is now free to marry Gwendolen, and Algernon may marry Cecily. Character is the next .

Answer Key Essay Example

Answer Key Essay Example Answer Key Essay Answer Key Essay Professor Mumford [emailprotected] edu Econ 360 Fall 2012 Problem Set 1 Answers True/False (30 points) 1. FALSE If (ai , bi ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n and (xi , yi ) : i = 1, 2,  ·  ·  · , n are sets of n pairs of numbers, then: n n n (ai xi + bi yi ) = i=1 i=1 ai x i + i=1 bi yi 2. FALSE If xi : i = 1, 2, . . . , n is a set of n numbers, then: n n n n n (xi ? x) = ? i=1 n i=1 2 x2 i ? 2? x i=1 xi + i=1 x = ? i=1 2 x2 ? n? 2 x i where x = ? 1 n i=1 xi 3. TRUE If xi : i = 1, 2, . . . , n is a set of n numbers and a is a constant, then: n n a xi = a i=1 n i=1 xi = a n x ? here x = ? 1 n i=1 xi 4. FALSE If X and Y are independent random variables then: E (Y |X) = E (Y ) 1 5. TRUE If {a1 , a2 , . . . , an } are constants and {X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn } are random variables then: n n E i=1 ai X i = i=1 ai E (Xi ) 6. FALSE For a random variable X, let  µ = E (X). The variance of X can be expressed as: V ar(X) = E X 2 ?  µ2 7. TRUE For random variables Y and X, the variance of Y conditi onal on X = x is given by: V ar(Y |X = x) = E Y 2 |x ? [E (Y |x)]2 8. TRUE An estimator, W , of ? is an unbiased estimator if E (W ) = ? for all possible values of ?. 9. FALSE The central limit theorem states that the average from a random sample for any population (with ? nite variance) when it is standardized, by subtracting the mean and then dividing by the standard deviation, has an asymptotic standard normal distribution. 10. TRUE The law of large numbers states that if X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn are independent, identically distributed random variables with mean  µ, then ? plim Xn =  µ 2 Multiple Choice Questions (a) ceteris paribus (b) correlation (c) causal e? ect (d) independence (20 points) 11. The idea of holding â€Å"all else equal† is known as 12. If our dataset has one observation for every state for the year 2000, then our dataset is (a) cross-sectional data (b) pooled cross-sectional data (c) time series data (d) panel data 13. If our dataset has one observation for every state for the year 2000 and another observation for each state in 2005, then our dataset is (a) cross-sectional data (b) pooled cross-sectional data (c) time series data (d) panel data 14. If our dataset has one observation for the state of Indiana each year from 1950-2005 then our dataset is (a) cross-sectional data (b) pooled cross-sectional data (c) time series data (d) panel data 15. Consider the function f (X, Y ) = (aX + bY )2 . What is (a) 2aX (b) a(aX + bY ) (c) 2a(aX + bY ) (d) a2 X ? f (X,Y ) ? X 3 Long Answer Questions (50 points) 16. The sum of squared deviations (subtracting the average value of x from each observation on x) is the sum of the squared xi minus n times the square of x. There are ? several ways to show this, here is one: n n xi (xi ? x) ? i=1 = i=1 n (xi ? x + x) (xi ? x) ? ? ? n = i=1 n (xi ? x) (xi ? x) + ? ? i=1 n x (xi ? x) ? ? = i=1 (xi ? x)2 + x ? ? i=1 n (xi ? x) ? (xi ? x) = 0, so ? and we know that i=1 n i=1 (xi ? x)2 ? 17. There are several ways to show that this expression equals the sample covariance between x and y, here is one: n n xi (yi ? y ) ? i=1 = i=1 n (xi ? x + x) (yi ? y ) ? ? ? n = i=1 n (xi ? x) (yi ? y ) + x ? ? ? i=1 (yi ? y ) ? = i=1 (xi ? x) (yi ? y ) ? ? 18. Correlation and causation are not always the same thing. (a) A negative correlation means that larger class size is associated with lower test performance. This could be because the relationship is causal meaning that having a larger class size actually hurts student performance. However, there are other reasons we might ? nd a negative relationship. For example, children from more a? uent families might be more likely to attend schools with smaller class sizes, and a? uent children generally score better on standardized tests. Another possibility is that within a school, a principal might assign the better students to smaller classes. Or, some parents might insist that their children are in the smaller classes, and these same parents tend to be more involved in their children’s education. Given the potential for confounding factors such as these, ? ding a negative correlation between class size and test scores is not strong evidence that smaller 4 class sizes actually lead to better performance. Thus, without other information, we cannot draw a meaningful economic conclusions. A correct answer should explain that we should be careful about drawing economic conclusions from simple correlations. (b) The sample correlation between N and T is de? ned as: s rN T = N T sN sT where the sample covariance, sN T , is given by: sN T = 1 999 1000 ? Ni ? N i=1 ? Ti ? T and the sample standard deviations are given by: sN = 1 999 1000 Ni ? N i=1 2 sT = 1 999 1000 ? Ti ? T i=1 2 Note that there are several alternative ways to write this and statistical programs generally use other algorithms to calculate the correlation that are less prone to loss of precision due to roundo? error or storage over? ow. 19. Wage data (a) There are 526 observations. (b) There are 274 men in the sample. This means that the sample is 52. 09 percent male. (c) The average level of education in the sample is 12. 6 years. The median level of education is 12 years. (d) The highest education level in the sample is 18 years of school. 9 people in the sample report having 18 years of education. (e) The average hourly wage in the sample is $5. 90. The median hourly wage in the sample is $4. 65. 20. Fertility data (a) There are 363 women in the sample. (b) The average number of children ever born to a woman in the sample is 2. 3. The median number is 2. (c) The largest number of children ever born to a woman in the sample 7. Six women report having seven children. (d) 25 percent of the sample lived in the eastern United States at age 16. (e) The average level of eduction in the sample is 13. 2 years. 5

Module 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 7 - Essay Example The biggest similarity between the three religions is that they are all monotheistic, but all other practices and beliefs are either entirely different or only bear minimal similarities. The paper discusses the similarities and differences among Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Judaism, Christianity and Islam, fall under the classification of monotheistic religions, meaning that they believe in one God. Muslims and Jews mostly emphasize the unity and oneness of God. The acclaim is at times misunderstood, as Christians go ahead to state that God is triune. However, this does not indicate that the religions are in denial of monotheism. Instead, it is only an affirmation of the intricacy of God. The three religions believe that God created and made everything in the world. They believe that God cares about the world and every creature that He created and desired that they all have a good life. According to the three religions, God is just and he instituted ground rules for the guidance of man so that humans can be righteous and good (Volf 8). In addition to that, the three religions believe that God is merciful and offers strength to people to do different things. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity believe that humans are supreme creatures on earth. Humans are the descendants of Abraham, who God blessed and gave the promise that his descendants would be great. The three religions also hold the perception that God created humans full of mystery, which implies that humans have the potential for perpetual growth, both as individuals and as a species. Humans are capable of being both good and evil. When humans grow in righteousness, goodness, and love, they become more like what their creator intended them to be. On the other hand, when they abuse their freedom and do evil things, they go against Gods will (Volf 9). Judaism, Christianity, and Islam religions hold almost similar views regarding the future. Although the past has

Interview Questions, Protocol and Activity Essay

Interview Questions, Protocol and Activity - Essay Example The data analysis will be carried out using three iterative steps (Mills & Sperling, 2012). The first step will going through the notes and summarizing the main points. The second step will be the descriptive step where there will be in depth description of the participants, the activities that took place during the interview and the views of the participants in relation to the research questions. The third and final step will be the organization and categorization stage. In this stage, information or data that tend to show a similarity in terms of content and views will be grouped together for easier synthesis (Mills & Sperling, 2012). Thank you for participating in this research. The research is being done to explore the effects of class size on the teachers’ teaching performance. Confidentiality in this interviewee is guaranteed. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Blatchford, P., Bassett, P., & Brown, P. (2005). Teachers and pupils behavior in large and small classes: A systematic observation study of pupils aged 10 and 11 years. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97 (3), 454-467. Blatchford, P., Russell, A.,

Discuss How the relationship between kinship and politics is Essay

Discuss How the relationship between kinship and politics is illustrated in texts of Aeschylus's Eumenides and extract from Theogony by Hesiod - Essay Example Unknown to Thyestes, Atreus had secretly murdered all of his children and have served them to him in a way that the true origin of the meat was disguised. Needless to say, he had unwittingly eaten his own children. Atreus had revealed to him the true nature of what he has been eating by the end of the meal, and Thyestes, in his rage, called down a curse on Atreus house. With Aegisthus, his sole surviving child, they fled from the house. (2) Agamemnon and Menelaus are Atreus sons. Agamemnon wedded Clytaemestra, and Menelaus wedded Helen. Menelaus wife, however, was seduced by Paris of Troy, with whom she went willingly with back to his city. Agamemnon and Menelaus had arranged the chieftains of Greece into a massive force in retaliation to win her back. The fleet met at Aulis, but was incapable of setting sail due to the anger of the goddess Artemis who had been keeping the weather against them. The prophet Calchas said to Agamemnon that in order to pacify the goddess, the king would have to sacrifice his own daughter, Iphigeneia. As he did so, he and his troops were able to set sail. They waged a war against Troy for ten long years, which eventually destroyed the city and killed or enslaved all of the people in the city. On their journey back home, Agamemnons contingent was faced by a terrible sea storm wherein only Agamemnons ship was able to survive. In his return, Agamemnon brought with him a captive mistress, the prophetess Cassandra. His wife, Clytaemestra, had taken a lover while he was away who just so happened to be Aegisthus, the only surviving son of Thyestes. Not long after Agamemnons return, Clytaemestra murdered the king in his bath. Her next victim was Cassandra. The prophetess, with the conviction that she is incapable of changing her fate decided to walk wittingly towards her own death. (5) Clytaemestra exhibited the corpse of the king while proclaiming that justice had been served. Her motives were a tangled mix

Humanistic language teaching

Humanistic language teaching Argumentative Essay A beneficial method: Humanistic Language Teaching Nowadays, a great variety of teaching methods and techniques are known and used in the fields of universal education and language teaching. Although all of them aspire to make students and teachers efforts successful, each of them does it in a slightly different way, namely, by concentrating on various components of the learning process. Humanistic language teaching is a complex teaching method that aims to develop students basic language skills and inner self, at the same time. Although some experts claim that humanistic language teaching is inappropriate for language acquisition, in my opinion, it is highly beneficial for students for various reasons. First of all, humanistic methods are more useful and motivating for students than other methodologies that only aim the requirement of essential language skills. Humanistic strategies provide an opportunity for students to become acquainted with and to practice a diversity of language usages. Thus, students are not only provided with extended language competence, but they are also enabled to react upon various real-life situations in a functionally and socially appropriate way (Frank and Rinvolucri, as cited in Atkinson, 1989). Moreover, humanistic activities can greatly contribute to students motivation. While practicing classical language skills, extra information which is important for self-investigation is gained; and, as Reid (as cited in Arnold, 1998, p. 236) formulates, students are motivated by self-discovery and by the control such knowledge brings. Secondly, humanistic-type language classes promote the development of students personality and self-awareness, and they have a positive impact on learners cognition. By educating the whole person, humanistic methods aim to develop both the cognitive and the affective dimensions, in terms of self-awareness and personality (Moskowitz, as cited in Stevik, 1998). Having more self-knowledge is highly beneficial to students, because, according to Sokrates, introspection is one of the most important sources of wisdom. Furthermore, a self that has realized its own inner qualities may have a better relationship with its surrounding (Arnold, 1998).   According to Moskowitz (as cited in Stevik, 1990), such a self-actualizing person can be characterized by a very positive personality. They are creative, spontaneous, have a great sense of empathy and responsibility, and have something to live for. Although opponents of humanistic language teaching state that there is no correlation between affe ct and effect, a great amount of neurobiological and pragmatic research contradicts this statement. As an illustration, John Schumanns brain based model of language acquisition shows that in the brain, emotion and cognition are distinguishable but inseparable. Therefore, from a neural perspective, affect is an integral part of cognition (as cited in Arnold, 1998, p. 239). Finally, humanistic language teaching develops students emotional intelligence, which enables them to live a successful and useful social life. Emotional intelligence, in Golemans (as cited in Arnold, 1998, p. 237) interpretation, comprises certain abilities and skills which can be taught to children, in order to give them a better chance to use their intellectual potential. The incorporation of the development of skills, like co-operation, empathy, and respect, in the curriculum, makes a contribution to a students better understanding and handling of awkward situations. In addition, people with greater emotional intelligence are beneficial to the humankind as a whole, because they are the ones who can deal most successfully with the problems of modern society (Arnold, 1998). To sum up, humanistic language teaching is not a method without criticism; however, it is highly beneficial to students intellectual and affective development. Through humanistic strategies, one can achieve not only extended language competence, but also a great variety of social skills, which makes a great contribution to ones success and prosperity in real life. References Arnold, J. (1998). Towards more humanistic English teaching. ELT Journal, 52(3), 235-242. Atkinson, D. (1989). Humanistic approaches in the adult classroom: an affective reaction. ELT Journal, 43(4), 268-273. Stewick, E. W. (1990). Humanism. In   Humanism in Language Teaching (pp 21-33). East Kilbridge, Scotland: Oxford University Press.

Quality - John Galsworthy :: Free Essay Writer

Quality - John Galsworthy Exhausted, bitter, and miserable is the way that many people feel when they wake up in the morning to get ready for work. Even the very thought of work puts some people in a bad mood. Others may not mind work but still do not look forward to going. It is a rare occasion to find someone who is completely satisfied with his or her career. However, for one man, work is bliss. In â€Å"Quality† by Galsworthy, Gessler, the shoemaker, is shown to be a man of integrity and of complete dedication to his work. Mr. Gessler had his own shoe business where he made leather boots. His dedication is shown through the fact that, â€Å"He made only what was ordered, never taking ready-made shoes down from the shelf.† (â€Å"Quality† pg. 213.) He wanted each pair of boots to be a custom fit to each individual and for every pair he made, he used a pattern taken from the customer’s foot size. One day the narrator of the story walked into Mr. Galsworthy’s shop wearing a pair of boots from a big business. Mr. Gessler noticed them right away and after a short time he said, â€Å"Dey get id all, dey get id by advertisement, nod by work. Dey take it away from us, who lofe our boots.† (â€Å"Quality† pg.215) Later in the story, the reader comes to find out that Mr. Gessler is forced to sacrifice half of his shop to a big business. This did not faze him, and he continued to make his boots for the same price and with the same amount of painstaking work. He must be tr uly dedicated in order to love his business unconditionally. Mr. Gessler spent such an incredible amount of time preparing the shoes, never trying to expiate the process, in order to make them as perfect as possible and because of this, he stood behind all of his work. The narrator, absent-minded of the fact that Mr.Gessler was so passionate about his boots once said to him, â€Å"Mr. Gessler, that last pair of boots creaked, you know.† Angered by the boy’s comment, Mr. Gessler said, â€Å"Zend dem back! I will look at dem.† He went on to say, â€Å"Zome boods, are bad from birdt. If I can do noding wid dem, I dake dem off your bill.† (â€Å"Quality† pg. 215) Not only does this show dedication, but also integrity because he was honest about his work and wanted to satisfy his customer.

Arts1301 – Evidence and Methodology in Darwin’s Origin of the Species

Critically assess the roles of evidence and methodology in Darwin’s argument for natural selection in Chapter 4 of the Origin of Species. Darwin’s argument for natural selection in Chapter Four of ‘The Origin of Species’ is well-founded and convincing, due to the interweaving of both evidence and the methodology, which is of particular importance since this is the constituent upon which he represents his research data (evidence) and forms the basis of his argument.His theory is distinct from the others in the period, although similar ideas such as transmutation and extinction of species had been circulating while he fashioned his theory (and he does modify and incorporates some of these theories), Darwin’s uniqueness is likely a result of his ‘deviating’, attractive style of writing which provides a detailed, wide-ranging ‘complete package’ explanation of his theory founded upon common undisputable facts, whereas many previo usly proposed theories lacked evidence and less prominent arguments or methods of communication, therefore subject to criticism and sparking debate with the public and religious conservatives.In regards to the methodology Darwin uses, the hypotheses and concepts he forms for his argument are established from observations made by other experts, as well as ‘thought experiments’ and also his own experiments to test his predictions, justifying his conclusions both through an inductive and deductive method using secondary and primary sources of evidence. Throughout the chapter (Chapter 4: Natural Selection; or survival of the fittest), Darwin mainly relies on the observations of other experts in the field, such examples from the Sexual Selection subchapter, in which the observations of Sir R. Heron on the female peacock’s attraction of male counterparts and M.Fabre observing certain insects that â€Å"have been seen to fight for a particular female, †¦ (who) the n retires with the conqueror† [1] supports his argument/hypothesis (the ‘victor’ or the best adapted in terms of attracting or fighting through natural selection, is â€Å"always allowed to breed† [2] in this particular section, asserting â€Å"Thus it is, as I believe, †¦, have been mainly caused by sexual selection† [3], demonstrating his inductive methods to back his hypothesis. Furthermore, the evidence he draws from expert sources also support his argument and their status within the scientific community assists in persuading readers. Additionally, the observations which Darwin uses are relatively ordinary and commonplace, for example the aforementioned sexual selection example, to both the amateurs in the field, that is, the general public (E. g. he lower class; farmers and breeders) as well as the respective professionals thus allowing both parties in the audience to understand and encourage his argument further. Note that the ‘usua l’ means of providing evidence was through the Scientific Method, in use 200 years before Darwin, validates the hypothesis by designing a suitable experiment for testing, a deductive approach, so Darwin’s slightly aberrant inductive approach was to rationalise the empirical data to fit his argument. The prominence and influence of his inductive methodology are emphasised in his observations while visiting the Galapagos Islands, in particular of a collection of finches â€Å"which was in fact a closely related group of distinct species, all similar except for their bills† [4].On examining the disparate use of the beak and food sources, Darwin asserts that natural selection had shaped â€Å"one species has been taken and modified for different ends†[5] and the inductive process in which arrives at his hypothesis is recurrent and persists in many (modern) secondary sources* describing Darwin’s theory. Apart from pure inductive reasoning from the obser vations of other experts, Darwin also justifies a number of his conclusions utilising deductive methods, a more conformed ‘scientific-method’ approach where hypotheses are tested, somewhat a reverse of inductive methods, consequently resulting in a very thorough examination of his hypotheses which are supported by a ‘cycle’ in which of inductive evidence supporting his postulate which in turn is backed by deductive evidence. As B.Runnegar advocates, â€Å"Natural selection, amazingly was simply developed from fabricated evidence† [8], Darwin does indeed take various accounts of ‘fabricated evidence’, that is, his ‘thought experiments’, in his argument, which display both inductive and deductive reasoning. One instance of this is seen in the observation of insects seeking plant nectar [9]. Darwin through research and observation proposes hypothetically (induction) that plants which excreted the most nectar, would most often b e visited by insects transporting the pollen, and most likely cross to give rise to various seedlings thus having the best chance of surviving. He then deductively proceeds to test his hypothesis by examining ale and female holly-trees, showing even in unfavourable weather conditions, female flowers rendered highly attractive by bees had been fertilised, before returning to a hypothetical, imaginary case where with different environmental conditions some species of bees may have adapted to collecting pollen, seen having a â€Å"differently constructed proboscis† [10] from certain types of flowers in the country. The inductive and deductive methods involved in demonstrating the separation of sexes, supports this single â€Å"doctrine of natural selection† [11] through detailed evidence and precise illustrations and explanations. Furthermore, ‘thought experiments’ analogous to the aforementioned example in the previous paragraph, are influential in his argum ent as they build upon prior accepted theories and theory loaded facts, allowing a deductive argument from the grounds that the assertions cannot be false, removing doubt and scepticism associated with certain hypotheses.In the subchapter ‘Extinction caused by natural selection’ leading onto the next subchapter ‘The probable effects of the action of natural selection through divergence of character and extinction, on descendants of a common ancestor’, Darwin alludes to the commonly accepted fact that extinction did occur, and provides a meticulous hypothesis on how extinction transpires with the aid of a diagram displaying the divergence of a particular species with each successive generation while in a previous subchapter, he suggests that man’s ‘artificial’ selection in breeding is comparable to natural selection rhetorically asserting â€Å"No one objects to agriculturists speaking of the potent effects of man’s selection† [12], and supposes in a hypothetical ‘thought experiment’ that men in different nations bred for swifter and stronger/bulkier horses, thus creating two sub-breeds, and over time horses neither swift nor strong, thus not used for breeding, would tend to disappear. By means of the diagram, he portrays the divergence of a certain species, a horse in this case, over time branching out to multiple descent species (in the case of horses, swifter/stronger characteristics) meanwhile showing another branch leading to the extinction of the less desired characteristics (slower, smaller horses for example). Hence, Darwin integrates an established theory into his hypothesis, which strengthens his argument into a presumably well founded, structured, persuasive argument since theories or facts with ‘prior commitments’ will have an implicit authority when the hypothesis is judged.Darwin’s theory of natural selection, like any other theory was subject to criticism s and tests to assess the plausibility of his hypotheses though he addresses, modifies and explains aspects of his hypothesis to produce a firm, comprehensive argument. With regards to the ‘Scientific Method’, â€Å"Howard E. Gruber, in his book ‘Darwin on Man’, sets out to argue that Darwin by 1838 had already deduced a hypothesis from the observations of previous years – except that his hypothesis was wrong. Thus, Darwin kept following a self-corrective path, tweaking ideas or throwing them out entirely† [13], hence portrays the significance of the methodology where a hypothesis is corrected until deemed satisfactory and corresponds with the evidence.There are many instances of Darwin addressing criticisms from other experts, (although these are in later editions of his book), one such example where â€Å"Mr H. C. Watson thinks I have overrated the importance of divergence of character †¦ convergence has likely played a part† [14 ] to which he responds â€Å"It would in most cases, be extremely rash to attribute convergence a close and general similarity of structure †¦ The shape of a crystal is determined solely by the molecular forces, and it is not surprising that dissimilar substances should sometimes assume the same form† using a deductive example, thus counteracting scepticism from experts in the field, consequently further supporting his various hypotheses in his argument for natural selection.Additionally, Darwin’s ability to account for possible objections to his hypothesis, evident in the ‘On the degree to which organisation tends to advance’ subchapter in which he conflicts with Lamarck’s belief that nature tended to absolute perfection in organic beings, questioning â€Å"how is it that †¦ a multitude of the lowest forms still exist †¦ Why have not the more highly developed forms †¦ exterminated the lower? † [15] and postulates that â⠂¬Å"natural selection †¦ does not necessarily include progressive development †¦ takes advantage of variations †¦ beneficial to each creature† [16], thus his remarks positively alter how the audience would judge and interpret the outcome of the hypothesis by backing his assertions with extensive evidence.Darwin knew if â€Å"he was to avoid the ridicule experienced by the writers of previous evolutionary tracts, he needed to put forward a rigorously tested theory† [17], and the all-encompassing research and evidence together with a range of refined methodological approaches allows the presentation of a well-founded argument that alters the thinking of the public in Darwin’s time, due to â€Å"Such confidence in his own ideas, use of large numbers of familiar examples, and presentation of theory in opposition to an alternative, made many a convert in his day, and is still as powerful today. † [18] References: [1],[2], [3] : Darwin, C. D. , 18 59. The Origin of Species. 5th ed. United Kingdom: John Murray. Sexual Selection subchapter. [4], [5] : Evidence for Evolution (Page 5). 2011. Evidence for Evolution (Page 5). [ONLINE] Available at: http://txtwriter. com/backgrounders/evolution/EVpage05. html. [Accessed 30 September 2011]. [6] Darwin's Finches & Natural Selection – Biology Online. 2011. Darwin's Finches & Natural Selection – Biology Online. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. biology-online. org/2/11_natural_selection. htm. [Accessed 03 October 2011]. [7] Darwin's Finches, Decent with Modification and Natural Selection. 2011. Darwin's Finches, Decent with Modification and Natural Selection. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www. fossilmuseum. et/Evolution/DarwinsFinches. htm. [Accessed 03 October 2011]. [8] : Natural Selection, Then and Now. 2011. Natural Selection, Then and Now. [ONLINE] – Article. Available at: http://www. darwinthenandnow. com/2011/02/natural-selection-then-and-now/#more-2551. . [A ccessed 01 October 2011]. [9],[10], [11], [12] : Darwin, C. D. , 1859. The Origin of Species. 5th ed. United Kingdom: John Murray. – Natural Selection subchapter. [Accessed 01 October 2011]. [13] : – . Darwin's Methodology. Darwin‘s Method: Induction, Deduction, or Synthesis? , 1, 10 pages. [Accessed 01 October 2011]. [14] : Darwin, C. D. , 1859. The Origin of Species. 5th ed. United Kingdom: John Murray. Convergence of Character subchapter. [Accessed 01 October 2011]. [15], [16] : Darwin, C. D. , 1859. The Origin of Species. 5th ed. United Kingdom: John Murray. – Divergence of Character subchapter. [Accessed 01 October 2011]. [17], [18] : Science and Politics . 2011. Science and Politics . [ONLINE] Available at:http://sciencepolitics. blogspot. com/2004/12/wwdd-i-darwinian-method. html. [Accessed 02 October 2011]. Bibliography: Early Theories of Evolution: Darwin and Natural Selection. 2011. Early Theories of Evolution: Darwin and Natural Selection. [ONLI NE] Available at:http://anthro. palomar. edu/evolve/evolve_2. htm. [Accessed 29 September 2011].Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace. 2011. Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace. [ONLINE] Available at:http://evolution. berkeley. edu/evolibrary/article/history_14. [Accessed 29 September 2011]. Inductive and deductive reasoning. 2011. Inductive and deductive reasoning. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. molwick. com/en/scientific-methods/024-reasoning. html. [Accessed 30 September 2011]. Sir Karl Popper â€Å"Science as Falsification,† 1963. 2011. Sir Karl Popper â€Å"Science as Falsification,† 1963. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www. stephenjaygould. org/ctrl/popper_falsification. html. [Accessed 01 October 2011].

Free Essays on Where Are You Going Where Have You Been

The Role Men and Women Have Played Through-out Time Have the roles of women and men changed through out time; if the roles have changed what are the changes? Can looking at children’s picture books portray these changes? After analysis of five books found in the garage at home, there may be evidence in the books that would suggest that man’s role has maintained but the woman’s role has only somewhat changed. The way that women view their selves and the way women are view by men. The Little Engine That Could wrote by Watty Piper1930. In this book, the female dolls wore very bright, colorful and cute little dresses with either a ribbon in their hair or a hat with flowers. The male dolls wore bright relaxed looking outfits and hats. In addition, the older men wore suits. Mr. Piper also gave gender to the trains. The male trains are dark, rough and sharp looking while the female trains are very bright, soft and gentle looking. In 1973, Walt Disney produced a book about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In this book, the female wore a bright colorful dress with a ribbon in her hair the same as the female in The Little Engine That Could. The male still looked about the same, but many of them wore beards. This story shows more about the roles of male and female though. It shows the female as loving and caring as she cleans up after the males and feeds them. It also shows the female animals as loving and caring, as they seemed to get comfort from the strong males who seemed to be the protectors. The males seemed to go out during the daytime with their tools to go work while the female stayed at home. Walt Disney also produced Cinderella in 1974. In this book, the females wore bright beautiful dresses, ribbons in their long hair. The older women wore darker more subtle dresses and jewelry with a much more sophisticated look. Even though the dresses looked uncomfortable the women spent time preparing there self’s for the m... Free Essays on Where Are You Going Where Have You Been Free Essays on Where Are You Going Where Have You Been The Role Men and Women Have Played Through-out Time Have the roles of women and men changed through out time; if the roles have changed what are the changes? Can looking at children’s picture books portray these changes? After analysis of five books found in the garage at home, there may be evidence in the books that would suggest that man’s role has maintained but the woman’s role has only somewhat changed. The way that women view their selves and the way women are view by men. The Little Engine That Could wrote by Watty Piper1930. In this book, the female dolls wore very bright, colorful and cute little dresses with either a ribbon in their hair or a hat with flowers. The male dolls wore bright relaxed looking outfits and hats. In addition, the older men wore suits. Mr. Piper also gave gender to the trains. The male trains are dark, rough and sharp looking while the female trains are very bright, soft and gentle looking. In 1973, Walt Disney produced a book about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In this book, the female wore a bright colorful dress with a ribbon in her hair the same as the female in The Little Engine That Could. The male still looked about the same, but many of them wore beards. This story shows more about the roles of male and female though. It shows the female as loving and caring as she cleans up after the males and feeds them. It also shows the female animals as loving and caring, as they seemed to get comfort from the strong males who seemed to be the protectors. The males seemed to go out during the daytime with their tools to go work while the female stayed at home. Walt Disney also produced Cinderella in 1974. In this book, the females wore bright beautiful dresses, ribbons in their long hair. The older women wore darker more subtle dresses and jewelry with a much more sophisticated look. Even though the dresses looked uncomfortable the women spent time preparing there self’s for the m...

Importance of Carnival in Aphra Behn’s The Rover Essay Essay Example

Importance of Carnival in Aphra Behn’s The Rover Essay Essay Example Importance of Carnival in Aphra Behn’s The Rover Essay Paper Importance of Carnival in Aphra Behn’s The Rover Essay Paper â€Å"Masquerading! A obscene usage to corrupt our young person. There’s something more in this than I imagine. † – Don Pedro Aphra Behn. the first female dramatist to gain a life through her authorship. was besides one of the wittiest and entertaining every bit evidenced through her most good known drama. The Rover. Set in seventeenth century Italy while under the colonial reign of Spain. a big dramatis personae of characters becomes embroiled in scenes of unfaithfulness. seduction. deceit. and luxuriant swordplay. which create tenseness and confusion in add-on to many comedic episodes. The scene is Carnival clip in Venice. which is of import to the secret plan for several grounds: the erosion of masks ( as was customary ) allows a freedom from normal restraints. there is frequently in the drama a error made in individualities. fortunes can ( and do ) happen which could neer otherwise happen. it allows for a fast gait to be maintained which keeps the witnesss involved. and finally. â€Å"confusion captures the spirit of the carnival† ( 1 ) . During carnival times category barriers came down with the rich mingling with the hapless. The tradition of have oning masks at carnival clip became necessary in order to protect the individualities of the rich ( 2 ) . This besides gave chances to move out in a mode far removed from their accustomed 1. By holding her female characters hidden behind masks. Behn is able to take them from their traditional functions as adult females and give them empowerment. In consequence. they can presume new personalities and take their suppressions or the otherwise usual yokes that have been cast on them by a male-dominated society. Hellena is the perfect illustration of one throwing off suppressions and uncovering her inner ego behind the pretense of a mask. Slated for the convent in an attempt by her male parent to consolidate the household fundss. she decides that this carnival will be the clip she finds a adult male – and she sets her sights on one as dare and quick-witted as herself. She is able to track him in different camouflages and at one point sets out to â€Å"vex† him for his maintaining with Angellica. She shows herself to be a strong. independent-thinking adult female in an age when adult females had few personal rights. The carnival scene is the vehicle that gives her the freedom to act in the mode she does. The carnival scene is besides the cause of misguided individualities. Because of this confusion Behn is able to foster the comedic and suspense elements. For illustration. Don Pedro is denied his chance with the lovely Angellica when his friend ( and his intended brother-in-law ) Don Antonio pays his offering to be with her. Don Pedro is further incensed by the fact that this is a rebuff against his sister. Florinda. which finally leads to the scene of a clip and topographic point for a affaire dhonneur. Of class. Don Antonio believes he is facing Belvile from his verbal exchange with Don Pedro. Ironically. when Belvile comes to the assistance of Don Antonio subsequently. he is charged with really making the offense of wounding him. Unwittingly. Don Antonio presses Belvile into contending for him against Don Pedro for the award of Florinda. Belvile’s love! This is one of many cases when the characters end up in entertaining state of affairss due to misidentify individuality. The errors made by the characters frequently mistaking each other has an added consequence of the audience holding to pay particularly close attending themselves to how the secret plan develops. Since all of the action occurs during Carnival ( particularly Venetian ) . the audience of course expects some sort of confusion and mayhem to happen. This helter-skelter environment keeps the gait quickened doing the carnival puting a natural pick for a Swift paced drama. Traditionally. carnivals of this sort â€Å"would take topographic point in the assorted Venetian plaza and would affect repasts of imported daintinesss. dance and amusement by jugglers. acrobats. etc. every bit good a efforts of strength or dare. performed by immature work forces. and normally ensuing in being plunged into the stop deading Waterss of the canal. † ( 2 ) . With the goings-on throughout the metropolis during Carnival. the drama ( as the witnesss expect ) would of course exhibit the same unprompted ambiance of merriment and celerity of motion that occur during carnivals. The drama is besides doing a forward statement for its clip and can because of the peculiar nature of the carnival. Through Hellena. Behn is talking for women’s equality. Hellena while disguised is as brave and vocal as any adult male of the period. She is able to move as work forces do – taking a mate as one would livestock. Another mute averment Behn makes is of the intervention of adult females who were non privileged. Repeated efforts at ravishing Florinda because the work forces thought she was of a lower station don’t put work forces in a good visible radiation. The attitudes of these work forces are that this is recognized pattern and tolerated in seventeenth century society. Undeniably. it would look as if they saw it as their right. Finally. while most work forces would look at Willmore’s high-handed attitude and behaviour with what one might name fear ( who wouldn’t want to be a daredevil? ) . his prevarication. craftiness. and philandering ways are non qualities that cause one to reflect. These things along with the women’s sexual audacity would do this drama to be denigrated in the following epoch. In decision. Behn’s pick to put the action of the drama in Venice during a carnival was appropriate to the subject. Indeed. one could reason that without the carnival as a background. Behn could non hold as efficaciously pulled off the character’s relationships and the myriad encounters about every bit good. The characters actions speak as much if non more than their words do and the velocity of the drama is determined by these actions. This could merely hold been achieved by the confusion and spontaneousness inherent in the nature of carnivals. Therefore. the importance of Carnival in Aphra Behn’s The Rover was paramount to the success of the drama.

Compare and Contrast Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Compare and Contrast Research Methods - Essay Example It is argued that unstructured interviews are best in gathering information on social situations as they allow the interviewer to be natural and thus encourage the interviewee’s participation. Focus group is another approach of collecting qualitative data. This is a carefully planned discussion tailored to obtain perceptions on a specific topic or area of interest. The process of information gathering under this method involves the moderator who controls the debate and initiates discussion topics, the note-taker, and the participants (Boeije, 2010). Focus group has almost the same merits with the interviewing method. It generates results at a relatively fast rate, has a high face validity and allows the moderator (who assumes an almost similar role as the interviewer) to explore unanticipated issues. However, this method has its fair share of demerits; the main ones are that it has less experimental control, requires a well trained interviewer and it maybe difficult setting up the group (Rubin & Babbie, 2010). Participant observation requires that the researcher becomes a part and parcel of the group under observation. This approach requires a lot of patience and may sometimes require months or years of observation. This is because the researcher has to be accepted and become a natural part of the group being observed. It is only by achieving this cohesiveness that one can ascertain gathered data as of natural phenomenon (Delamont & Jones, 2012). If successfully carried out, this method represents the best approach in gathering data on a natural phenomenon as there is absolutely no chance of manipulation or influence. The major disadvantage with this approach is that it may take the researcher a long time to gather data. Additionally, it is at times not possible to record all data as the researcher may loose focus as he assumes the same natural roles as the focus group (Holloway, Wheeler & Holloway, 2010). Ethnography is the study of social interactions, behaviors and perceptions that take place within social groupings. This approach is said to have grown from anthropological studies that focused on small cultural groupings in the early 20th century. Under ethnographical studies, the researcher becomes an active participant and takes extensive notes (DeWalt & DeWalt, 2011). Participant observation, discussed earlier, is considered an approach under ethnographical approaches. This is mainly because it entails a researcher assuming the role of participant as they go on with their duty of data gathering and data recording. Ethnographical approaches allow for gathering richly detailed data and also provide the researcher with a chance to participate in unscheduled events (Thomas, Nelson & Silverman, 2011). The downside of ethnographical approaches is that the researcher may ignore activities that happen out of the public eye and he may also be tempted to rely on information provided by a few key informants. Consequently, reliance on in formants permeates bias as these may not have the objectivity while reporting on the social context. Biographical research is the compilation and analysis of an intensive report detailing an entire life or a part of life, through an in-depth, unstructured

Family - its Changes and Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family - its Changes and Values - Essay Example A person may embrace another person’s difference, while some might totally turn their backs from their families or their families might turn away from them because of dissimilarities. Discussion Individuals have their own identities. No two persons have exactly the same life or desires. Even twins do have their differences, which can result in arguments. Yet these differences should not prevent a family from being a unity. As Goodman put it into context, â€Å"We don’t have to achieve to be accepted by our families. We just have to be. Our membership is not based on credentials on birth (4)†. Regardless of how much changes a person may have in a lifetime, he or she should be accepted by the family where he or she belongs. People or society may not agree as to what the person may become, yet the family should be there when a person needs them. Even the meanest person in this world is still loved by his or her family even if he or she resents them. According to Sen na, â€Å"In death we are each reduced to our essence: the spirit we are when we are born. The trappings we hold on to our whole lives – our race, our money, our sex, our age, and our politics – become irrelevant† (19). A person may have the most luxurious life in the physical world, yet he or she may be the poorest in spirit. Worldly possessions are immaterial to a person in his or her dying days. In the end, no person is spared from death. Though what the person has accomplished in life would often be just a memory forgotten in time, it is not valid as regards his or her family that has always loved this person unconditionally. One may change for the worst, yet there are still people who give love and understanding to this individual even when he or she pretends not to need them. It is a sad reality that people often turn their back away from their families when they have achieved their goals, found happiness and contentment in other beliefs, or when greed and envy have eaten them up from inside. Despite these changes, a mother and a father will always have a space in their hearts for their children who had the courage to stand up on their own and live the lives that they want. It is painful for parents when they see their children go astray. The pain that they feel is not brought about by disappoinment or hate. This feeling of pain is brought about by the affection and love that parents have for their children. No parent would want to see their children suffer or get hurt, and this is a valid statement not only as regards the parents-children relationship but also as regards grandparents-grandchildren or uncles/aunts-nephews/nieces relationships. However, as Senna states, â€Å"†¦the differences between us were real and alive, and they threatened to squelch our fragile connection† (16). The first step in accepting one’s differences, especially in a family, is to acknowledge the difference and make amends. It may not b e an easy thing to make amends with people with whom one has differences, especially when it comes to the delicate topics like religious and political beliefs. One may be discriminated by the society due to his or her differences. However, the most painful circumstances would be when a person is being alienated by his or her own family. This is not to blame the families for the shortcomings or the outrageous actions of an individual. It is just an attempt to trace why such events occurred. A part of accepting the difference is to know where and how it started within

Invasion of Normandy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Invasion of Normandy - Essay Example 1 The Normandy Invasion is regarded as the world’s greatest military operation, because it paved the way for the liberation of France, and the entry of the Allied forces into Europe. The paper attempts to discuss the reasons for this invasion, concerning the idea that the decision proved to be a worthy choice, since it led the Germans to surrender nearly 11 months, after the invasion. 2 One should understand that Normandy was chosen, because of its strategic location. The decision was not inevitable. It required careful planning. Since the Hundred Years War in Europe, Normandy had not seen any invasion. Therefore, there was no way the Germans could have expected an attack from this area, since there were no ports in the area. 3 The area for the invasion was chosen was between Cherbourg and Le Havre, and it was closest to the embarkation ports in England. It had highways, which led to Paris. The coast also offered the best landing places, and a nearby port, which the Allies had to seize. In fact, Normandy also proved to be close enough to ensure that fighter plans could be dispatched for aerial bombing, along with a coastal attack. 4 In that particular summer of 1944, six armies and millions of men fought and the place was transformed into a blood bath, until Hitler’s forces laid down their defense. Eventually, the road to Paris was cleared, and the Allied capture of France was complete. 5 While everyone knew that the Allies were to attack soon, so that they could have access to France, the question was the exact location of the attack. Therefore, the element of surprise was also one of the reasons, why Normandy was chosen. The Nazis were expected an attack near Calais, since the place had an access to a deep-water port.6 Hence, the plan was in such a way that the troops of each country in the Allied forces would capture hold of the beaches first, namely five beaches in Normandy and then move inland. Since the beaches had no harbors, they were to b e prepared artificially, and assembled at Arromanches in the British sector, and the other off Omaha Beach. Moreover, the Allies had maintained the surprise to such a large extent that very few Germans expected an invasion from Normandy, and the bad weather conditions had even put this idea out of the minds of those, who previously thought this was possible. 7 The alternative place, as mentioned above was the Calais, which offered a deep-port, but this was heavily occupied by German soldiers. However, the Allied Forces had learned from their mistakes quite well, since they had been defeated at Dieppe two years earlier, which was a heavily defended port. 8 Of course, the advantage of the Normandy Invasion, instead of the invasion of Calais is put forth by Liddell Hart, a military historian, who states that the purpose of strategy is â€Å"to diminish the possibility of resistance. The aim of strategy must be to bring about this battle under the most advantageous circumstances. And t he most advantageous the circumstances, the less, proportionately, will be the fighting†. 9 Nevertheless, a deceptive campaign also ensured that the Germans continued to maintain army forces at Calais. Another alternative included Brittany, which was dismissed quickly because, while it had excellent ports, it would have been easy for Germany to seal the Allied army on the Brittany peninsula. 10However, the rough areas of the beaches at Normandy could act as a deterrent, as well, since the area had cliffs on the edges of the water.

Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

Ernest Hemingway Essay Ernest Hemingway probably summed it up best when he said, All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn (source). We’re dealing with quite a book here. Published in 1885, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s follow-up to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer, carved new territory into the American literary landscape in several ways. As one of the first novels to use a specific region’s vernacular in its narration, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn set a precedent for many other distinctly American works to follow. Some readers didn’t exactly get this new colloquial style, however. Accustomed to the proper prose of Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Emerson, some readers didn’t know what to do with Huck’s particular way of storytelling. Aside from the novel’s new style of writing, Twain’s decision to use thirteen-year-old Huck as the narrator allowed him to include certain content that a more civilized narrator probably would have left out. At first, Twain’s novel was labeled crass by some readers. The book was even banned in schools for its use of the n-word which is ironic, given that the novel is up in arms over slavery. Even today, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn makes Banned Books lists. Twain’s novel jumped head first into one of the biggest issues of its day: racism. Although the Emancipation Proclamation had been signed over two decades before Huckleberry Finn’s original publication date, African-Americans everywhere were still victims of oppression and racism. They were technically free, but often by name only in Reconstruction-era America. Many southerners were bitter about the outcome of the Civil War. By guiding his characters through several states of the Confederacy, Twain was able to reveal the hypocrisy of many pre-war southern communities. As a southerner himself, Twain had first-hand experiences to draw on, and he was able to walk the fine line between realistic depiction and ironic farce. Not to mention, Twain created the now-iconic character of Jim, a runaway slave who convinces Huck that African-Americans are deserving of freedom, and that equality is a goal for which we all should be fighting. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is now considered to be one of the Great American Novels, mostly due to how it so heartily champions the American ideals of freedom, independence, and rugged individualism. Huck’s dedication to his own moral standards and his bold sense of adventure and self-sufficiency have earned him a place in the All-American Hall of Fame. In addition, Twain is a hilarious storyteller, and the plot of this novel is a roller-coaster ride of moral dilemmas – so trust us when we say that if you haven’t taken the ride yet, you probably should. Why Should I Care? Mark Twain wrote Adventures of Huckleberry Finn twenty years after the American Civil War. Slavery had been abolished, and the North and South were making up (albeit with some residual anger). So why publish a highly moralistic tale about a system that was no longer in place? Weren’t race issues a moot point once slavery was out of the picture? Hardly. Freedom didn’t mean equality by any means – not legally, socially, or practically. (See Shmoop Historys Jim Crow in America for more.) Actually, come to think of it, this isn’t an outdated notion at all. Rules and laws often don’t accurately reflect what’s really going on. From a legal standpoint today, we have equality of race; yet racism is still a problem. Men and women are equal, yet many still see a glass ceiling for women in the workplace, meaning they often have invisible boundaries to advancement. That doesn’t mean laws are useless. Laws may not immediately effect change, but we’ve seen that they do precede change. While laws can affect how people act, it takes more to change the way we think. We can’t rely on laws alone. That’s where The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn comes back into the picture. We need people like Mark Twain to remind us not to be self-congratulatory for starting a process in motion, but instead to realize that greater change is always necessary.

International Entrepreneurship leads to greater cultural understanding

International Entrepreneurship leads to greater cultural understanding Globalization of the world market brings new possibilities as well as enormous hurdles for both established and young businesses. With the emergence of international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs are concentrating on specific issues that they face operating in complex environments affected by diverse national cultures and institutional influences (Johanson Vahlne, 2009). New global entrepreneurs depend on global networks for resources, distribution, and designs for growth. International entrepreneurs realize that success in a new marketplace requires agility, ingenuity, and certainty with a global viewpoint to acquire sustainability. Thus, global thinking is beneficial since foreign business clients can choose ideas, products, and services from many countries and cultures. However, entering into a foreign environment and culture can also become an obstacle psychologically in and of itself for the individual international entrepreneur (Mitchell et al., 2002). This paper will examin e two areas that focus on the importance of cultural understanding in international entrepreneurship. The first will comprise of how entrepreneurs who expand into international markets must know how to think globally in order to design and adopt strategies for different nations as a business ventures into an uncertain market. The second part will explore how psychological adaptation of the individual entering a foreign culture is interconnected with the international entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs can expand their business by participating in the global market; as every year thousands of small business enterprises are actively engaged in the international field. International entrepreneurship studies have started to focus on specific topics that confront entrepreneurs as they expand their new ventures (Zahra, Korri, Yu, 2005). The definition of international entrepreneurship in this paper will focus on the process of creatively discovering and exploiting opportunities that lie outside of a firms domestic markets in the pursuit of competitive advantage (Zahra George, 2002); across national borders, to create future goods and services (Oviatt McDougall, 2005). This meaning incorporates the process aspect of international entrepreneurship, which focuses on a central issue of why some individuals exploit international opportunities while others equally well placed do not act on them (Zahra, Korri, Yu, 2005). Globalization is a process fuelled by increasing cross border flows of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture (Held et al., 1999, p. 16). However, the use of this term will refer to Guillà ©ns (2001) definition of globalization as a process leading to greater interdependence and mutual awareness among participants in general. Guillà ©n (2001) combines the understanding of globalization as the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole, and as the diffusion of practices, values and technology that have an influence on peoples lives worldwide (Guillà ©n, 2001). Noticing opportunities is normally more difficult in international settings, and the level of uncertainty that the potential entrepreneur must undergo will also be greater. Entrepreneurs able to function successfully in international settings may be both more skilled at noticing opportunities and have a greater capacity to endure the uncertainty associated with international entrepreneurship (Lu Beaamish, 2001). Noticing opportunities is normally more difficult in international settings, and the level of uncertainty that the potential entrepreneur must endure will also be greater (Coviello, 2006). Oviatt and McDougall (2005) emphasized that international entrepreneurs display the intention to compete in multiple locales at the inception of the firm to exploit existing international opportunities and would have the intention to do so when they started their firms (McNaughton, 2003). Starting a firm is a difficult process under the best of circumstances. International business scholars have traditionally argued that internationalization is difficult because firms had to overcome a liability of foreignness, although Johanson and Vahlne (2009) have recently acknowledge that being part of an effective network and prior knowledge can greatly accelerate the international entrepreneurship process. This liability of foreignness was based on the fact that firms and entrepreneurs lacked knowledge about doing business in other countries, which meant they had to endure the costs of learning and the discomfort of uncertainty (Lu Beaamish 2001). However, by positioning themselves in relevan t networks, or because of their past experience, many entrepreneurs have high levels of operational knowledge about foreign markets. In this manner, the traditional approaches for dealing with the liability of foreignness of either imitating local firms or by transferring unique organizational or managerial competences to their foreign unit (Sapienza et al., 2006) have been supplemented with a knowledge component, which is more related to uncertainty. There has been an acknowledgement that firms could begin to internationalize sooner and Sapienza et al. (2006, p. 915) suggest that the earlier a firm internationalizes, the more deeply imprinted its dynamic capability for exploiting opportunities in foreign markets will be. Others have pointed out the benefits of internationalizing earlier, or at least exporting at an earlier stage (Kundu Katz 2003). This may be because although there is a cost to learning, early entrants begin this process sooner (Autio, Sapienza, Almeida, 2000) an d at least some suggest they should do this before they actually start the firm (Coviello, 2006). An entrepreneur who would like to take advantage of international markets may have to study a foreign language, may have lived abroad and may be face with culture shock. Entrepreneurs must realize their companys competitive advantage such as: technology, price, financial superiority, or marketing, product innovation, an efficient distribution network or possession of exclusive information about the foreign market (Sapienza et al., 2006). Declining market conditions at home may cause entrepreneurs to seek foreign markets to help their business. Successful global entrepreneurs should have the following characteristics: a global vision, international management experience, innovative marketing or technology processes, a strong international business network, and effective organizational coordination worldwide (Lee, Peng, Barney, 2007). When global opportunities occur, entrepreneurs are likely more open-minded about internationalizing. The advantage of international trade is that a companys market is expanded much and growth prospects are greatly raised. Other advantages include minimizing seasonal slumps, reducing idle capacity, getting knowledgeable about products not sold in target markets, technology used in other countries, and learning about other cultures (Johnson, Lenartowicz, Apud, 2006). Before going to a foreign market, it is essential to study the unique culture of the potential consumers. Concepts of how the product is used, psychographics, demographics, and political norms as well as legal normally differ from an entrepreneurs home country (Miller Parkhe, 2002). De Tienne Chandler (2004) suggest that entrepreneurs must consider five factors relative to the country and cultures that the business venture will inhabit. First, they must study foreign government regulations: patent, import regulations, t rademark laws, and copyright that affect their products. Second, they must know political climate: relationship between business and government or public attitudes and political events in a given country affect foreign business transactions. Third, they must consider infrastructure: packaging, distribution system, and shipping of their export product. Fourth, they must research distribution channels: accepted trade both retail and wholesale, service charges and normal commissions, distribution agreements and laws pertain to agency. And fifth, they must study competition: number of competitors in target nations and their market share, as well as their price, place, product and promotion. Additionally, they must find market size: of their product stability, size, country by country, and know what nations are markets expanding, opening, maturing, or declining (De Tienne Chandler, 2004). Eventually, entrepreneurs must understand culture of their products. Small businesses can study int ernational cultures by business travel, participating in training programs, reading the current literature, and undertaking formal educational programs. Small business, who wants to sell product on a worldwide basis must realize different standardization in each country. In some cases, goods must be adapted for different local markets if it is to be accepted and consumer goods always require much more adaptation (Johanson Vahlne, 2009). One issue related to international opportunity is why individuals in home countries are not the ones that take action on these opportunities, which would seem logical, as they are better positioned to notice. This question is especially important because research indicates that local firms usually have higher levels of performance than do foreign firms (Miller Parkhe, 2002). While the matter of liability of foreignness is present in some cases, this relates to firms competing in the same industry. Thus, when locals begin to imitate the foreign firm, they may in fact end up with higher levels of performance, because of factors such as lower lawsuit awards (Mezias, 2002). However, national average levels of entrepreneurship to uncertainty, opportunity, and cognition uncertainty avoidance are not identical across countries (Hofstede, 2001). This suggests that although it is possible that both a local and foreigner notice a specific opportunity at the same time, the local may not act fo r both the fear of failure and stigma attached to that failure in certain cultures (Lee, Peng, Barney, 2007). Thus, the potential entrepreneur must also be willing to endure the uncertainty associated with acting on these opportunities. To gain insight into effective professional task performance across cultures, an understanding of effective communication and psychological adaptation has to be complemented by an exploration of the effect of culture on task process. Over the last few years studies on cross cultural competencies in different professional fields have started to emerge. Examining the relationship between national culture and entrepreneurship is an important emerging subject matter in international entrepreneurship (Hayton, George, Zahra, 2002). The sociological viewpoint on entrepreneurship proposes that entrepreneurs are intertwined in a social framework and their cognitive process and behaviours are shaped by the interactions between the environment and entrepreneur (Zahr, Korri, Yu, 2005). There is also evidence of the impact of national cultural values on the characteristics and behaviour of individual entrepreneurs (Mitchell et al., 2002). Mitchell et al. (2002) confirmed that entrepreneurs share a set of cultural values, regardless of their national origin or cultural background. However, it appears that whilst some core values are shared across different countries and cultures, some of the behaviours of individual entrepreneurs reflect the value system of their respected national culture. With regards to adaptation in international entrepreneurship, entering into a foreign environment is not a transition for the business venture alone. The actors, international entrepreneurs, involved are also plunging into same the foreign environment (Hofstede, 2001). Entering a new culture means commencing to share a pattern of thinking, feeling, reacting, and problem-solving (Saee, 1999). Cross-cultural psychology argues that unfamiliar cultural territory negatively affects an individuals affective, both the sense making and cognitive mechanisms, and undermines the appropriateness and effectiveness of their behavioural responses (Maznevski Lane, 2004). This happens when individuals are unable to accurately perceive and interpret the alien cultural environment, nor explain or predict the behaviour of people with different cultural backgrounds (Maznevski Lane, 2004). Evidence suggests that exposure to a foreign cultural environment can cause culture shock, a psychological conditio n which adversely affects psychological and affective states (Johnson et al., 2006). Saee (1999) contends that opportunity identification competencies developed in an entrepreneurs home cultural environment may not be sufficient to perceive a high level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy about performing the task of identifying opportunities across borders and cultures. Cross-cultural studies have explored the challenges that a foreign cultural environment poses to human behaviour, cognition, and professional performance. Human behaviour is considered the coping mechanism that individuals consequently develop. Some researchers suggest that building this coping mechanism, in individuals, amounts to developing a global mindset or cultural intelligence (Maznevski Lane, 2004; Early Mosakowski, 2004). According to Maznevski and Lane (2004, p. 172), a global mindset is the ability to develop and interpret criteria for personal and business performance that are independent from the assumptions of a single country, culture, or context; then to adequately implement those in different countries, cultures, and contexts. Cultural intelligence is seen as the ability to interpret the foreigners behaviour the way the foreigners countryman would (Earley Mosakowsi, 2004). Cross-cultural competence is defined as the appropriateness and effectiveness of ones behavi our in a foreign cultural environment (Mitchell et al., 2000). Psychological adaptation is considered the centre point of personal traits and attributes that help generate internal responses in an unfamiliar environment by managing stress (Saee, 1999). Successful adaptation to a host cultural environment requires the abilities to be mindful, to tolerate ambiguity, and the ability to explain and make accurate predictions of strangers behaviour (Saee, 1999). This also includes the levels of anxiety and uncertainty that affect the intercultural encounter (Saee, 1999). CONCLUSION: International entrepreneurs actually face greater uncertainty than is generally common in more established businesses, which benefit from learning and experience, because international entrepreneurship is about the implementation of a new innovative business. There is an uncertainty to entrepreneurship and the role it plays in initiating the process. Mitchell et al., (2000) observes that entrepreneurial action is a result of overcoming and paralysis that is caused by the uncertainty that precedes the entrepreneurial act. Guillà ©n (2001) adds that the key concept that entrepreneurs create new combinations, which become the innovations that are the engine of economic growth. The entrepreneur is likely to see the opportunity as relatively certain. This is important with regards to international entrepreneurship in that exploiting an international opportunity requires more than dealing with operational certainty; there is also a high level of cultural uncertainty that the entrepreneur has to endure to ensure the new ventures prosperity. The volume of research on international entrepreneurship supports the notion that a period of domestic development is no longer necessary for many firms and that international entrepreneurship is possible at the time the firm is established or shortly thereafter. However, consideration must be taken with respect to the foreign culture a venture will go into and the psychological affects upon the entrepreneurs joining in the venture. Effective operation in the globalised economy requires that entrepreneurs develop new skills and competencies. Some of these skills and competences are needed to deal with national and regional cultural differences that are becoming intense with the continuance of globalisation (De Tienne Chandler, 2004). (Authors) believe that current and future international entrepreneurs need to develop cross-cultural competence to successfully identify business opportunities.

Who Is Most To Blame For Macbeths Downfall? :: essays research papers

Who Is Most To Blame For Macbeth's Downfall? I have chosen to write my essay about the cause of Macbeth's downfall. I believe Macbeth had an immense build up of hatred inside him waiting to be released. I will discuss the possible factors that could have placed the final straw on the camel's back and lead to the releasing of brave soldier Macbeth's bloodthirst, and why he committed the acts he did. The first suspects are the witches. After all it was their voices that implanted the thoughts into Macbeth's head that he would be king. When Macbeth heard this, he figured that no matter what he did he would become the king. After hearing King Duncan's desire to have Malcom carry on the throne, Macbeth quickly lost faith that he could achieve the throne without doing anything, so he took it upon himself to make things happen. After killing Duncan he feared Banquo for his knowledge of the witches prophecies and had him killed as well. Macbeth seemed to be losing himself after Duncan's death due to his obsession with the witches prophecies, so in turn, the witches could be partly responsible for Macbeth's downfall. Lady Macbeth can also be held accountable for Macbeth's decline of sanity and power. Although it didn't take much, her persuasion lead to the killing of Duncan. She wanted Macbeth to take the rank of king as much as he did. Pressure from his spouse added on to all the other pressures from the prophecies, also helped tempt Macbeth to murder. Not only did her doings contribute to Macbeth's turmoil, but it also lead herself to become mad. The character most guilty of Macbeth's physical downfall would have to be Macduff. He was the one that actually removed Macbeth's head from his spine. Also when Macduff left, Macbeth became more ensnarled by his anger and responded by prooving himself a cold hearted savage when he had Macduff's innocent wife and children slaughtered. Out of all the external elements that affected Macbeth's downward spiral, I believe Macbeth himself was the most to blame. It was his weak conscience that was so easily molded. He always had a choice as to what he would do, and more often then not he chose the wrong path. In the end it all caught up to him, and